Cervical Biomechanics

Question 1

What is the primary motion of the OA?

Answer 1

Flexion/extension

50% of cervical spine flexion/extension occurs here

Question 2

OA is never _____

Answer 2

Neutral

Question 3

OA: sidebending and rotation occur in ______ directions

Answer 3

Opposite

Question 4

What is the primary motion of AA?

Answer 4

Rotation

50% of cervical spine rotation occurs here

Question 5

AA diagnosis

Answer 5

Only rotation

Never neutral, flexed, extended, or sidebent

Question 6

What type of mechanics do C2-C7 follow and why?

Answer 6

Type II Like. This is because of the Joints of Luschka.

Question 7

Force from left to right = ______ translation = ______ sidebending

Answer 7

Right, left

Question 8

What is cervical rib syndrome?

Answer 8

Extra rib at C7. Associated with thoracic outlet syndrome due to compression of brachial plexus and subclavian artery.

Question 9

What motion occurs when the scalenes unilaterally contract? Bilaterally contract?

Answer 9

They sidebend the neck to the same side with unilateral contraction. Flex the neck with bilateral contraction.

Question 10

Which muscle is responsible for elevating the first rib during inhalation?

Answer 10

Anterior and middle scalenes

Question 11

Which muscle is responsible for elevating the second rib during inhalation?

Answer 11

Posterior scalene

Question 12

What is the name for a spasm in the SCM?

Answer 12

Torticollis

Question 13

Unilateral contraction of the SCM causes ______

Answer 13

Sidebending toward and rotation away

Question 14

Bilateral contraction of the SCM causes ______

Answer 14

Flexion of the neck

Question 15

HVLA is contraindicated at the AA joint for which patients?

Answer 15

Rheumatoid arthritis and Down syndrome

Question 16

Nerve roots exit ____ their corresponding vertebrae

Answer 16

above

Question 17

C8 nerve root exits between ____ and _____

Answer 17

C7, T1

Question 18

What is Spurling’s test?

Answer 18

Evaluation for cervical nerve impingement in which the patient extends the neck and rotates and sidebends toward side being tested. Compression is applied.

Positive test is reproduction of radicular symptoms distant from the neck in the distribution of a cervical spinal root

Question 19

What does the distraction test do?

Answer 19

Increases diameter of neural foramina. Positive test is relief of cervical radicular symptoms.

Question 20

What is the scale for deep tendon reflexes?

Answer 20

0: absent reflex
1+: hypoactive
2+: normal
3+: hyperactive
4+: hyperactive and clonus

Question 21

Which deep tendon reflex is normal?

Answer 21

2+

Question 22

Which Special Test is used to test for symptoms of myoligamentous compromise?

Answer 22

Distraction test