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OMM M1T2 test 1 > Cervical Bio-mechanics > Flashcards

Cervical Bio-mechanics Flashcards

1
Q

How is cervical motion permitted?

A

By the shape of the bone and the characteristics of the discs

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2
Q

How is cervical motion guided?

A

By the joint facets

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3
Q

How is cervical motion restrained?

A

By the ligaments

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4
Q

How is cervical motion produced?

A

By the musculature

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5
Q

What are some motion segments for the cervical region?

A

Occipito-Atlantal Motion segment
Atlanto-Axial Motion segment
C2 to C6 Motion segments
C7 Motion Segment

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6
Q

What do the short sentimental muscles do in the cervical region?

A

The stabilize the spine

Involuntary and adapt the spine to motion and balance

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7
Q

What do the short segmental muscles do in terms of dysfunction?

A

Most commonly produce and maintain segmental dysfunction

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8
Q

What are the two types of cervical motion?

A

Major motion and free play motion

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9
Q

What are the major motions of the occipito atlantal joint?

A

Flexion and extension at 20 degrees (nutation)

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10
Q

What are the minor motions of the occipito atlantal joint?

A

Sidebending at 5 degree bilaterally

Rotation at 3 to 8 degrees bilaterally

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11
Q

What kind of dysfunctions can the occipito atlantal joint have?

A

It can be flexed for extended, sidebending and rotation are usually opposite with type 1 like mechanics
Rarely neutral

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12
Q

What are the potential dysfunctions of the occipito atlantal joint (named)?

A 
OA-FRRSL
OA-FRLSR
OA-ERRSL
OA-ERLSR
OA-Compressed (Uncommon)
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13
Q

What is the primary motion of the atlanto-axial joint?

A

Rotation at 40 degrees bilaterally

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14
Q

What is the freeplay motion of the atlanto-axial joint?

A

Flexion and extension at 20 degress

Sidebening at 5 degrees bilaterally

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15
Q

Where does most cervical rotation occur?

A

Between the occiput and C2 (C1/C2) at 60%

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16
Q

If there is a dysfunction with OA and C1 how can you correct both?

A

Usually if you fix the OA dysfunction the C1 gets corrected too

17
Q

What does the sternocleidomastoid do?

A

Sidebends towards and rotates away

18
Q

What do the scalene muscles do?

A

Sidebend and rotate toward

19
Q

What is the origin and insertion of splenius capitis?

A

Spines of C3 to T3

Mastoid portion of the temporal bone

20
Q

What is the origin and insertion of splenius cervicis?

A

Spines of T3 to T6

Transverse processes of C1 to C3

21
Q

What is the origin and insertion of semispinalis capitis?

A

Transverse processes of C4 to T7

Occiput

22
Q

What is the origin and insertion of semispinalis cervicis?

A

Spinous process of C2 to C5

Transverse process of T1 to T6

23
Q

What is the origin and insertion of semispinalis thoracis?

A

Spinous processes C6 to T4

Transverse process of T6 to T10

24
Q

What happens if the spine is stripped of its musculature?

A

It can only support a gead weighing less than 4.4 pounds (a normal head weight 10-12 pounds)

25
Q

What is the motion of the C2 to C7 controlled by? How is the motion coupled?

A

Facet joint orientation

Sidebending and rotation are coupled to the same side

26
Q

Which vertebrae have type 2 like mechanics?

A

C2 to C6

27
Q

Where is the largestest range of motion between C2 and C7 for flexion and extension?

A

C4-C5 and C5-C6 at 20 degrees

28
Q

What are some potential dysfunctions for C2 to C6?

A 
FRrSr -- FRSr
NRrSr -- NRSr
ERrSr -- ERSr
FRlSl -- FRSl
NRlSl -- NRSl
ERlSl – ERSl
29
Q

What type of mechanics does C7 follow?

A

Typical Fryette type 1 mechanics

30
Q

What is the order for treating multiple segments?

A

Occipito-atlantal (OA or C-0)
C7 & T1
C2 through C6
Atlanto-axial (C-1)

31
Q

What happens to intervertebral discs when load increases?

A

Increased stability due to alternating fibers of the annular layer causing increased stiffness

32
Q

What happens when two vertebrae and their intervening disc are subjected to vertical load?

A

The first tissue to fail is the bone with fracturing of the vertebral endplates

33
Q

In terms of degrees, where is the disc the stiffest?

A

15 degrees

34
Q

What is the normal motion for a disc?

A

They bulge toward the direction of motion and flatten on the opposite side

35
Q

What is the motion of a disc in degenerative disc diesase?

A

They bulge away from the direction of motion and flatten on the same side

36
Q

At what value do lumbar discs fail?

A

5300 newtons

37
Q

At what value do cervical discs fail?

A

75 newtons

OMM M1T2 test 1 (14 decks)

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