cervical artery dysfunction

Question 1

what is CAD

Answer 1

an umbrella term for rare vascular problems of the neck.
this can be from acute injury or from comorbidities, often seen in patient history

Question 2

signs and symptoms of CAD

Answer 2

early - acute neck pain (can be severe), headache, tenderness of the jaw, difficulty in chewing or tongue pain. increase in BP

later - worsening neck pain, feeling hot and increased BP. retinal dysfunction and blurred vision, double vision or dizziness, facial numbness, vomiting, speech and swollowing difficulty, tinnitus
TIA can also occur.

Question 3

cad CAUSES

Answer 3

may be traumatic or non-traumatic
traumatic: road collision, impact injury from sport or fall
non-traumatic: older population, smoking, poor lifestyle, diet/ nutrition, overweight, previous stroke and vascular presentations like hypertension

Question 4

Cad risk factors

Answer 4

• past history
• history of migraine-type headache
• hyper tension
• cardiac disease, vascular disease, TIA
• diabetes
• anticoagulant therapy
• history of steriods

Question 5

CAD assessment

Answer 5

• MRI or CT scan
• ultrasound of the arteries
• a thorough history