Cervical

Question 1

Trapezius

Answer 1

O: Medial third of superior nuchal line; external occipital protuberance; nuchal ligament; spinous processes of C7–T12 vertebrae I: Lateral third of clavicle; acromion and spine of scapula Inn: Spinal Accessory Nerve IX (11) Action: Descending part elevates; ascending part depresses; and middle part (or all parts together) retracts scapula; descending and ascending parts act together to rotate glenoid cavity superiorly

Question 2

Sternocleidomastoid

Answer 2

O: Lateral surface of mastoid process of temporal bone and lateral half of superior nuchal line

I: Sternal head: anterior surface of manubrium of sternum

Clavicular head: superior surface of medial third of clavicle

Inn: Spinal Accessory Nerve XI

A: Unilateral contraction: tilts head to same side

(i.e., laterally flexes neck) and rotates it so

face is turned superiorly toward opposite side

Bilateral contraction: (1) extends neck at

atlanto-occipital joints, (2) flexes

cervical vertebrae so that chin approaches

manubrium, or (3) extends superior

cervical vertebrae while flexing inferior vertebrae

so chin is thrust forward with head kept level

With cervical vertebrae fixed, may elevate

manubrium and medial ends of clavicles,

assisting pump-handle action of deep respiration

Question 3

Anterior Scalene

Answer 3

O: anterior tubercles of the transverse processes of C3-C6

I: scalene tubercle, on the inner border of the first rib

Inn: Anterior Rami C5-6

A: Elevation of the first rib. Ipsilateral contraction causes ipsilateral lateral flexion of the neck, and bilateral contraction causes anterior flexion of the neck.

Question 4

Middle Scalenes

Answer 4

O: Originates from the posterior tubercles of the transverse processes of C2-C7

I: scalene tubercle, on the inner border of the first rib

Inn: Anterior Rami C3-8

A: Elevation of the first rib. Ipsilateral contraction causes ipsilateral lateral flexion of the neck.

Question 5

Posterior Scalenes

Answer 5

Originates from the posterior tubercles of the transverse processes of C5-C7

Attaches to 2nd rib

Elevation of the second rib, and ipsilateral lateral flexion of the neck.

Anterior Rami C6-8

Question 6

Deep Neck Flexors

Answer 6

The deep neck flexors consist of: the longus colli, longus capitus, rectus capitus and longus cervicus

Question 7

Suboccipitals

Answer 7

four paired muscles on the underside of the occipital bone; the two straight muscles (rectus) and the two oblique muscles (obliquus).