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Phlebotomy Theory > Certification 2 > Flashcards

Certification 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Circulatory System

A

Delivers o2, nutrients, hormones, and enzymes to the cells; transports cellular waste to organs where they can be expelled. Blood is vehicle; blood vessels, tubes, and heart work as pump.

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2
Q

Pulmonary circulation

A

carries deoxygenated blood from right ventricle to lungs to left atrium.

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3
Q

Systemic circulation

A

Carries oxygenated blood from left ventricle throughout the body

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4
Q

Valves

A

Tricuspid, bicuspid(mitral), aortic, and pulmonic

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5
Q

Tricuspid

A

Atrioventricular valve that is between right atrium and right ventricle

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6
Q

Bicuspid(mitral)

A

Atrioventricular valve between left atrium and right ventricle

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7
Q

Aortic valve

A

Semi lunar valve between left ventricle and aorta

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8
Q

Pulmonic valve

A

Semi lunar valve between right ventricle and pulmonary artery

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9
Q

Endocardium

A

Inner layer lining of heart

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10
Q

Myocardium

A

Muscular middle layer

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11
Q

Epicardium

A

Fibrous outer layer; coronary arteries that supply blood to heart are found here

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12
Q

How many liters of blood does average adult have?

A

5-6 liters

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13
Q

Layers of blood vessels

A

Tunica adventitia
Tunica media
Tunica intima

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14
Q

Tunica adventitia

A

Outer connective tissue layer

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15
Q

Tunica media

A

Middle smooth muscle

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16
Q

Tunica intima

A

Inner endothelial layer

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17
Q

Capillaries

A

Composed of a layer of endothelial cells and are a mix of arterial blood and venous blood

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18
Q

Order of draw for capillaries

A

Lavender
Tubes with other additives
Tubes without additives

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19
Q

Erythrocyte

A

Start as immature reticulocytes; in 1-2 days mature; there are 4.2-6.2 million RBCs per microliter. Life span is 120 days; contain hemoglobin/oxygen carrying protein.

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20
Q

Leukocytes

A

Body’s protection from infection/illness; average adult has 5,000 10,000 wbc

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21
Q

Neutrophils

A

Comprise 40-60% of WBCs; phagocytic and engulf and digest bacteria

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22
Q

Lymphocytes

A

20-40% of WBCs; immunity

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23
Q

Monocytes

A

3-8% of WBCs; largest WBCs; they’re monocytes in circulating blood, but when absorbed in tissues transform to macrophages(extremely powerful phagocytes); increase with intracellular infection

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24
Q

Eosinophils

A

1-3% of WBCs; active against antibody-labeled foreign molecules. Increase in allergies, skin infection, and parasitic infection

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25
Q

Basophils

A

0-1% of WBCs; carry histamine releases during allergic reactions

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26
Q

Thrombocytes(platelet)

A

Packets of cytoplasm that are formed in bone marrow from megakaryocytes. Average amount in an adult is 140-440,000 microliters of blood; lifespan is 9-12 days

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27
Q

Hemostasis

A

Process where the blood vessels are repaired after injury.

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28
Q

Vascular phase hemostasis

A

Injury causes vessel to constrict slowing blood flow

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29
Q

Platelet phase hemostasis

A

Injury to endothelial lining causes platelets to adhere to it

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30
Q

Coagulation phase hemostasis

A

Involves various coagulation factor, causing temporary plug to convert to fibrin clot.

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31
Q

Fibrinolysis hemostasis

A

Breakdown and removal of clot

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32
Q

Chux

A

Impermeable pad that protects patient clothing and bedding.

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33
Q

Two hour post prandial test

A

Used to evaluate diabetes mellitus; fasting glucose is compared with glucose levels 2 hours after eating

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34
Q

OGTT

A

Oral glucose tolerance test-diagnose diabetes mellitus. Evaluate patients with frequent low blood sugar

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35
Q

3 hour OGTT

A

Test hyperglycemia and diagnose diabetes

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36
Q

5 hour OGTT

A

evaluate hypoglycemia and disorder of carbohydrate metabolism/ scheduled to begin 7-9 am

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37
Q

Cold agglutinins:

A

Antibodies are produced in response to Mycoplasma pneumonia infection (atypical). Blood is collected in red top tubes and pre-warmed in an incubator for 30 min. at 37c

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38
Q

Light sensitive specimens

A

Bilirubin, beta-carotene, vitamins A and B6 and porphyrins

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39
Q

Chilled specimen

A

Arterial blood gas, ammonia, lactic acid, pyruvate, ATCH, gastrointestinal, and parathyroid hormone.

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40
Q

Order of draw

A 
Blood cultures
Sodium citrate blue tops
Serum tubes w/ or w/out clot activator or gel tops
Heparin tubes-green
EDTA lavender
Oxalate fluoride gray tops
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41
Q

EDTA

A

Inhibits coagulation by binding to calcium in specimen

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42
Q

Lavender

A

Invert 8 times; common tests are CBC, hemoglobin and hematocrit determination, ESR, sickle cell

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43
Q

Sodium citrate

A

Prevents coagulation by binding to calcium. Preserves coagulation

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44
Q

Light blue

A

Invert 3-4 times. Pt tests, Coumadin therapy, APTT, PTT, heparin therapy, fibrinogen degradation, thrombin time, factor assays, bleeding time.

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45
Q

Heparin

A

Combined with sodium, lithium, or ammonium ions. Inhibits thrombin and is not used for hematology because heparin interferes with Wright’s Stained blood smear

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46
Q

Green

A

Invert 8 times. Tests chemistry, performed on plasma such as ammonia carboxyhemoglobin, and STAT electrolytes

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47
Q

Sodium fluoride

A

Antiglycolitic agent preserves glucose for 3 days.lithium iodacetate preserves glucose for 24 hours. Potassium oxalate prevents clotting by binding to calcium

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48
Q

Gray top

A

Invert 8 times. Fasting blood type, GTT, blood alcohol levels, lactic acid.

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49
Q

Red/gray top, gold

A

SST. Clot activator; glass particles, silica and celites hasten clot formation. Thixotropic gel is serum separator. Invert 5 times

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50
Q

Red top

A

Plain vacuum tube- no additive/coagulant. Tests are serum chem, serology, and blood bank.

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51
Q

Yellow top

A

SPS. Cultured for presence of microorganisms. SPS aids in recovery of microorganisms and inhibits actions of complement. Performs phagocytosis on certain antibiotics. Invert 8 times

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52
Q

Electrophoresis

A

Analyzes chemical components of blood such as hemoglobin, serum, urine, and cerebrospinal fluid. Based in differences in Electrical charges.

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53
Q

Immunochemistry

A

Uses techniques such as radio immunoassay and enzyme immunoassay detect and measure substances such as hormones, enzymes, and drugs

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54
Q

Two major categories of health care organizations

A

Hospital or ambulatory

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55
Q

Phlebotomist are often expected to perform

A

Clinical, technical, and clerical duties

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56
Q

Certification provides phlebotomist with which career advantages

A

Increased job opportunities, advancement opportunities, and portability.

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57
Q

National nonprofit agencies that provide certification examinations for phlebotomist

A

ASCP and NPA

58
Q

Surgical biopsy specimens are analyzed in what department?

A

Anatomic or surgical pathology

59
Q

Six sigma

A

Method or framework designed to improve process performance by reducing variation , improving quality, enhancing financial performance and improving customer satisfaction.

60
Q

Waiver tests

A

Those that are easiest to perform and least risky to patients. Include urinalysis.

61
Q

Four categories to help frame the concept of “professionalism”

A

Respect
Service
Support
Growth

62
Q

Productivity measures for phlebotomy service

A

Patient waiting time!

63
Q

Anatomic pathology

A

Autopsies and surgical biopsies

64
Q

Cause and effect diagram

A

Quality improvement methodologies designed to assist in identifying interactions among people, methods, equipment, and supplies

65
Q

Pareto principle

A

80% of trouble comes from 20% of the problems

66
Q

RFID

A

Radio frequency identification. Used silicon chip that transmits data to wireless receiver.

67
Q

Quality control information

A

Contains facts about hazards associated with the use of a reagent or supplies, proper use and storage information, expiration dates and stability info, and indications for measuring the precision and accuracy of analytical processes.

68
Q

Critical value

A

Test result that may be life threatening and needs to be reported immediately

69
Q

Baby boomers

A

1940-64

70
Q

Bioethics

A

Moral issues or problems that have resulted because of modern medicine, clinical research, and technology

71
Q

Agency that has recognized patients rights in health care organizations through the Patient Care Partnership

A

AHA

72
Q

CLIA ‘88 waived lab procedure

A

Dipstick urinalysis

73
Q

Assault

A

unjustifiable attempt to touch or threaten another person to make them believe harm will be carried out.

74
Q

Battery

A

Intentional touching of another person without consent and unlawful beating of another or carrying out of threatened harm

75
Q

Malice

A

False statement regarding a patient

76
Q

Violation of patient confidentiality can be considered professional

A

Negligence

77
Q

Discovery

A

The right to examine the witness before or during the trial

78
Q

Joint Commission

A

Oversees accreditation of health care organizations nationally, and sets a national standard of care for phleb practice

79
Q

CLIA ‘88

A

Ensures the quality and accuracy of lab testing (including blood collection)

80
Q

Candida albicans

A

Pathogenic agent that causes health-care- acquired skin infections

81
Q

Transmission based precautions to reduce the transmission of meningitis are referred to as

A

Droplet precautions

82
Q

Commonly identified pathogenic agent that causes nosocomial infections in the

A

Nursery unit

83
Q

Joint commission

A

Requires the development and implementation of an infection control program in a health care facility

84
Q

Three components of chain of infection

A

Source, mode of transmission, and susceptible host

85
Q

Vibrio cholerae

A

Causes health care acquired infections of the gastrointestinal tract

86
Q

What interrupts the chain of nosocomial infection between the susceptible host and the source

A

Good nutrition

87
Q

Used for patients who have immunodeficiency disorders to protect them from external environments

A

Reverse isolation

88
Q

Needs droplet precautions due to coughing

A

Diphtheria

89
Q

3 sets of precautions

A

Airborne, droplet, and contact

90
Q

Fomite

A

Objects that can harbor infectious agents and transmit infection

91
Q

Disinfectant

A

Chemical compound used to remove or kill pathogenic microorganisms.

92
Q

Designed to reduce risk of transmission of microorganisms from both recognized and unrecognized sources of infection in health care facilities

A

Standard precautions

93
Q

Prevent transmission of known or suspected infected or colonized microorganisms by direct hand or skin to skin contact for conditions such as hepatitis A

A

Contact precautions

94
Q

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

A

Causes lung infection that can lead to airborne transmission to someone else. Thus, a personal respirator is required to be used by the health care worker when providing care to a patient with this infection

95
Q

Rotavirus

A

Highly prevalent health-care acquired infection in nursery unit of a health care facility.

96
Q

Class C fires involve

A

Electrical equipment

97
Q

Blue quadrant of NFPA’s hazard rating

A

Indicates health hazard

98
Q

3 principles of self-protection from radiation

A

Time distance and shielding

99
Q

OSHA communication standard states

A

Labels for hazardous chemicals must provide a warning, explain the nature of hazard, state special precautions to eliminate risks, and explain first aid treatment in the event of a leak, chemical spill, or other exposure to chemical.

100
Q

Right to know law originated with

A

OSHA

101
Q

What type of extinguishers can you use for type A fire?

A

Dry chemical or pressurized water.

102
Q

PASS

A

Pull pin, aim, squeeze handle, sweep side to side

103
Q

A shock victim should be kept in what position

A

Lying

104
Q

Red quadrant of NFPA’s rating system

A

Fire hazard

105
Q

Normal PH range

A

7.35-7.45

106
Q

Prefix that can be used to mean “around”

A

Peri

107
Q

Prefix that means false

A

Pseudo

108
Q

Peritonitis

A

Inflammation of abdominal wall

109
Q

Immunology

A

Study of antibodies in the serum

110
Q

Hematology

A

Study of blood and blood forming tissues

111
Q

Proximal end of the forearm means

A

End close to the point of attachment

112
Q

Creatinine clearance

A

Evaluated degree to which kidneys are filtering out waste products of metabolism

113
Q

Function of cardiovascular system

A

Transporting water and nutrient, transporting gases, regulating temperature, helping eliminate waste, maintaining electrolyte balance, regulate blood clotting system, and help with immunity.

114
Q

Systole

A

Contraction

115
Q

Diastole

A

Relaxation

116
Q

Serum

A

Liquid portion that remains after blood clots and is centrifuged.

117
Q

Plasma

A

Contains fibrinogen and an anticoagulant

118
Q

Leukocytes

A

Phagocytize pathogenic microorganisms and play a role in immunity through antibody production

119
Q

Fibrinolysis

A

Final phase of hemostasis, where repair and regeneration of veins take place.

120
Q

Longest vein in the body

A

Greater saphenous in leg.

121
Q

CBC includes

A

WBC, RBC, hemoglobin, hematocrit, mean corpuscle volume, mean corpuscle hemoglobin concentration

122
Q

Clinical chemistry anticoagulant used in STAT situations

A

Heparin

123
Q

Major artery in the antcubital area of the arm

A

Brachial

124
Q

Reference Range for platelets

A

250,000 to 500,000

125
Q

Cytogenic analysis in what tube?

A

Green

126
Q

What tube is suitable for blood glucose measurements

A

Green

127
Q

Why can’t you perform venipuncture in side of mastectomy

A

Lymph flow to that side might be restricted making them highly susceptible to infection

128
Q

Anxiety can change what blood level

A

pH

129
Q

Extreme exercise can cause elevation in

A

Glucose, total protein, albumin, Uric acid, calcium, phosphorous, BUN, creatinine, total and direct billiruben, ALT, AST, and alkaline phosphate.

130
Q

What values do cigarettes affect?

A

Increase glucose, growth hormone, cholesterol, triglyceride

131
Q

What value is falsely elevated with prolonged tourniquet use

A

Potassium

132
Q

What fluctuates with circadian rhythm

A

Cortisol

133
Q

Hyperventilation can cause

A

Acid base imbalances, increased lactate levels, and fatty acid levels.

134
Q

What do microhematocrit tubes contain?

A

Heparin

135
Q

What anticoagulant is used in blood donations

A

Acid citrate dextrose

136
Q

Which analytes increase with age

A

Cholesterol and triglycerides

137
Q

Which of the following agencies offers recommendations for transport and handling of blood specimens for clinical lab testing?

A

CLSI

138
Q

Distance from skin surface to the bone or cartilage of child in third finger is between

A

1.5 and 2.4

139
Q

Total blood volume of premature infant is calculated by multiplying weight in kg by

A

115 mL/kg

140
Q

If venipuncture needs to be performed on a child younger than 2 years of age, the recommended site is

A

Medial wrist vein

141
Q

Newborn screenings

A

PKU, congenital hypothyroidism, galactosemia, homocystinuria, congenital adrenal hyperplasia, and sickle cell

Phlebotomy Theory (7 decks)

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