Cerebrum and cerebellum SAQs

Question 1

State three clinical features of anterior cerebral syndrome(3 marks)

Answer 1

●Contralateral hemiparesis of lower limb-upper part of the motor area/paracentral lobule involvement
●Contralateral anaesthesia of lower limb-upper part of the sensory area/ paracentral lobule involvement
●Astereognosis-superior parietal lobule involvement
●Split brain syndrome-corpus callosum involvement
●Urine incontinence- paralysis of pelvic floor musculature
● Personality changes-prefrontal cortex involvement

Question 2

Name the cortical artery that supply the following areas
(i) Calcarine sulcus (I mark)
(ii) Insular cortex ( 1 mark)

Answer 2

i. Posterior cerebral artery
ii. Middle cerebral artery

Question 3

Name the area of the cerebral cortex affected in (5 marks)
(i)Contralateral Hemiplegia
(ii)Global Aphasia
(iii)Contralateral Hemineglect
(iv)Phineas Gage syndrome
(v)Anopia

Answer 3

Contralateral Hemiplegia -Pre-central gyrus
Global Aphasia — Arcuate fasciculus
Contralateral Hemineglect - Superior parietal lobe
Phineas Gage syndrome — Pre-frontal area
Anopia — banks of the calcarine sulcus

Question 4

Name 2 branches of the following arteries: ( 6marks)
(i)Middle cerebral artery
(ii)Posterior cerebral artery
(iii)Anterior cerebral artery

Answer 4

(i)Middle cerebral artery-pre-rolandic, rolandic, post-rolandic, angular, posterior and anterior temporal, anterior and posterior parietal orbitofrontal and lenticulostriate
(ii)Posterior cerebral artery-Posterior and anterior temporal, parieto-occipital and calcarine branches
(iii)Anterior cerebral artery-orbital, frontopolar, callosomarginal, pericallosal, anterior communicating, medial striate

Question 5

Name the arteries whose occlusion would lead to
(i) Tunnel vision (1 mark)
(ii)Ageusia(1 mark)

Answer 5

(i) PCA
(ii) MCA

Question 6

State two tributaries of the internal cerebral vein(2 marks)

Answer 6

Septal veins, the choroidal vein and thalamostriate vein