Cerebrum: 2) Surface of the Brain II

Question 1

The anterior end of the cortex is part of the frontal lobe; the opposite end of the cortex is part of the occipital lobe. Label these two lobes on both views.

Answer 1

Question 2

The two extreme ends of the cortex are often referred to as poles, the frontal __________ and the __________.

Answer 2

pole; occipital pole

Question 3

The ___________ sulcus extends over the superior surface of the brain and runs a short distance on the medial surface. As it turns over the top, the sulcus is closer to the __________ pole than to the opposite pole.

Answer 3

central; occipital

Question 4

Although most of the boundaries are imprecise, the cortex is conventionally divided into four lobes. Locate and label them on the diagram.

Answer 4

Question 5

The occipital pole of the cortex is at the __________ ior end of the occipital lobe; the precentral gyrus lies __________ ior to the central sulcus; at the anterior end of the frontal lobe is the __________. Most of the temporal lobe lies __________ ior to the parietal lobe; the lateral sulcus lies __________ ior to the superior temporal temporal sulcus.

Answer 5

posterior; anterior; frontal pole; inferior; superior

Question 6

Identify the frontal pole with arrows. A course traced from the frontal pole over the superior surface of the cortex will pass from the __________ lobe to the __________ lobe to the __________ lobe.

Answer 6

frontal; parietal; occipital

Question 7

The parietal lobe is bounded anteriorly by the __________ lobe, posteriorly by the __________ lobe, and inferiorly by the __________ lobe.

Answer 7

frontal; occipital; temporal

Question 8

The boundary between parietal and frontal lobes is the __________.

Answer 8

central sulcus

Question 9

Much of the border between the parietal and temporal lobes is indefinite and forms a zone (shaded on the diagram) called the parieto- __________ area.

Answer 9

temporal

Question 10

There are other indefinite borders (shaded in) on the lateral aspect of the brain in addition to the parieto-temporal area. There are the parieto- __________ and __________ -occipital transition areas.

Answer 10

parieto-occipital; temporo-occipital

Question 11

On the lateral surface of the brain, the __________, __________, and __________ lobes appear to be continuous.

Answer 11

frontal; parietal; occipital

Question 12

2.12. This diagram shows that a line connecting the preoccipital notch and the parieto-occipital sulcus forms the anterior boundary of the __________ lobe on the lateral surface of the cortex.

Answer 12

occipital

Question 13

The parieto-occipital sulcus and preoccipital notch are not prominent on the lateral surface of most brains. On the diagram, shade in the approximate extent of the occipital lobe.

Answer 13

Question 14

On the lateral surface of the cortex, the occipital lobe is the __________ est in area of all of the cortical lobes.

Answer 14

smallest

Question 15

Trace the parieto-occipital sulcus from the lateral surface over the superior aspect of the brain to the medial surface. Label the arrow marking the parieto-occipital sulcus on the medial view.

Answer 15

Question 16

The occipital lobe is __________ er in area on the medial surface than it is on the lateral surface. Label the parieto-occipital sulcus on the medial view.

Answer 16

greater

Question 17

Label the prominent sulcus that forms the posterior boundary of the parietal lobe on the medial surface.

Answer 17

Question 18

The calcarine sulcus is the other prominent landmark on the medial surface of the occipital lobe. Label the horizontally oriented calcarine sulcus on the diagram.

Answer 18

Question 19

A “hard” pronunciation (as in calculus) is given to

both c’s in __________ arine.

Answer 19

calcarine

Question 20

The part of the occipital cortex shaded on the diagram is named for the sulcus it encloses; it is called the __________ cortex. Label it on the diagram.

Answer 20

Question 21

The brain is seen here from a medial-inferior view. The shaded area separates the __________ lobe from the __________ lobe.

Answer 21

occipital; temporal

Question 22

On the medial surface of the cortex, the boundary of the parietal and occipital lobes is formed by the ___________________________. The __________ sulcus lies entirely within the occipital lobe.

Answer 22

parieto-occipital sulcus; calcarine

Question 23

On the diagram, label the indicated features of the cortex in the occipital lobe. __________

Answer 23

Question 24

Areas of the brain are not only distinct anatomically, but they also contribute to different cortical functions (visual, auditory, somesthetic, motor, etc.). For example, if the precentral gyrus is damaged, a person may be partially paralyzed. The lobe, therefore, is involved in motor function is the _________ lobe.

Answer 24

frontal

Question 25

Refer to both diagrams to answer the following questions. The number of primary sensory areas indicated is. How many motor areas?. The primary auditory area is not directly on either cortical surface (medial or lateral) but is mainly out of sight on the inner sides of the __________ gyrus of the __________ lobe. The primary visual area is in the walls of the __________ sulcus, in the __________ lobe. The remaining primary sensory area is the __________ area, located in the __________ gyrus of the __________ lobe.

Answer 25

3; 1 superior temporal; temporal calcarine; occipital somesthetic; postcentral; parietal

Question 26

The specific sensory modalities such as touch, pressure, and position sense are included in the general class of som __________ senses. On the diagram, name the general class of functions in which each of the two indicated areas is involved.

Answer 26

somesthetic

Question 27

A small part of the area for primary reception of auditory information (indicated on the diagram) is barely visible on the __________ gyrus. Most of the auditory area is hidden deep in the temporal lobe and can be reached by passing a finger into the __________ sulcus. superior temporal; lateral

Question 28

This is a view of the __________ al surface of the right cerebral cortex. The primary visual area is not visible because it is almost entirely in the walls of the calcarine fissure, on the __________ surface of the __________ lobe. Label the three indicated areas with the general class of functions in which each is involved.

Answer 28

lateral; medial; occipital

Question 29

Two primary sensory areas are almost entirely in a view of the lateral surface of the cortex. These senses are vision and, represented in the __________ and __________ lobes, respectively. Of the two senses, the only one represented on the medial surface of the cortex is.

Answer 29

hearing (audition); occipital; temporal; vision

Question 30

A lesion that involves the territories adjacent to the central sulcus affects the general classes of motor and __________ sensory functions. On the diagram, locate the two gyri that are involved and label their primary functions.

Answer 30

somesthetic

Question 31

Assuming damage in the cortex, you might suspect that a paralyzed patient has a damaged __________ lobe, whereas a patient who does not respond normally to touch may have __________ lobe damage.

Question 32

On the appropriate diagram, use the designated letters to indicate the sites of the primary auditory (A), visual (V), motor (M), and somesthetic (S) areas. Name the lobe in which each is located. \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

Answer 32

Question 33

The primary motor area of the cerebral cortex is the __________ gyrus of the __________ lobe. The primary auditory area is on the inside of the __________ gyrus of the __________ lobe. The primary visual area is the __________ cortex, bounding the __________ of the same name, in the __________ lobe. The somesthetic, or somatosensory, area is located in the __________ gyrus of the __________ lobe.

Question 34

On the medial view, three extensive cortical structures have a concentric arrangement. Starting with the most inferior and proceeding superiorly, these are the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_, the __________ and the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

Answer 34

corpus callosum; cingulate gyrus; cingulate sulcus

Question 35

The most inferior of the concentric structures is the __________ callosum. Indicate and label it on the diagram.

Answer 35

corpus

Question 36

Superior to the cingulate gyrus is the cingulate sulcus; inferior to the cingulate gyrus is the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

Answer 36

corpus callosum

Question 37

The marginal branch of the cingulate sulcus is a reliable landmark. This groove extends from the __________ ulate __________ and runs along the medial surface up to the __________ ior surface of the brain.

Answer 37

cingulate sulcus; superior

Question 38

Label the indicated structures. \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

Answer 38

Question 39

The central sulcus is visible on the medial view. It is always recognizable as the first sulcus in front of the __________ of the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

Answer 39

marginal branch; cingulate sulcus

Question 40

The frontal lobe is demarcated by the corpus callosum, by the lateral sulcus, and posteriorly by the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. Draw the boundaries of the frontal lobe on both views.

Answer 40

central sulcus

Question 41

On the diagrams, label the cortical structures indicated by the lines. Where appropriate, specify motor function or the three general sensory functions.

Answer 41