CEREBRUM Flashcards
Cerebrum
largest part of the brain
occupies the anterior and middle cranial fossa
divided into
>diencephalon: central core
>telencephalon: cerebral hemispheres
Other term for brain and contents
encephalon
gyri, sulci
cerebrum, cerebellum, and brainstem
Weight of brain in children
350 g
Weight of brain in adults
1400 g
Meninges
three layered connective tissue that covers the brain
CSF
surrounds the brain and protects it from trauma
Frontal Lobe
extends from (anterior) central sulcus/ fissure of Rolando until the frontal pole and superior to the lateral sulcus
3 sulci and 4 gyri
3 sulci of the frontal lobe
precentral sulcus: parallel to the precentral gyrus
superior frontal sulcus and inferior frontal sulcus: anterior to precentral sulcus
4 gyri of the frontal lobe
precentral gyrus (BA 4): primary motor cortex found in between the central sulcus and precentral sulcus
superior frontal gyrus: superior to superior frontal sulcus
middle frontal gyrus: in between the superior and inferior frontal sulcus
inferior frontal gyrus: inferior to inferior frontal sulcus; invaded by the anterior ramus and ascending ramus
Extra kinemerlu of frontal lobe
gyrus rectus and orbital gyri
anterior paracentral lobule: continuation of precentral gyrus
Parietal Lobe
posterior to the central sulcus superior to the lateral sulcus and runs until the parietooccipital sulcus
2 Sulci of the Parietal Lobe
postcentral sulcus: parallel to central sulcus
intraparietal sulcus: posteriorly from the middle of the paracentral sulcus
3 Gyri of the Parietal Lobe
post central gyrus (BA 3,1,2): between central sulcus and post central sulcus
superior parietal lobule (BA 5,7): superior to intraparietal sulcus
inferior parietal lobule: inferior to intraparietal sulcus
>angular gyrus
>supramarginal gyrus
Extra kinemerlu of Parietal Lobe
precuneus
posterior paracentral lobule: continuation of post central gyrus
Temporal Lobe
expands from temporal pole to the line separating temporal lobe and occipital lobe
auditory
2 Sulci of the Temporal Lobe
superior temporal sulcus and middle temporal sulcus: parallel to post ramus of lateral sulcus; divides the 3 gyri
3 Gyri of the Temporal Lobe
superior temporal gyrus
middle temporal gyrus
inferior temporal gyrus
Extra kinemerlu of the Temporal Lobe
transverse temporal gyri of heschl
lateral occipitotemporal gyrus
Occipital Lobe
runs posterior to line connecting the parietooccipital sulcus and occipital pole
smallest
related to vision
2 Structures of Occipital Lobe
cuneus
lingual gyrus (medial occipitotemporal gyrus)
Insular Lobe
deep into the lateral sulcus
a part of the temporal lobe
related to memory and emotion
long and short gyri
Island of Reil
Association Fibers
connect lobes in one hemisphere
Commissure
connecting hemispheres
Internal Capsule
highway of information from one area of the body to the primary centers
Limbic Lobe
C shaped structure of the medial hemisphere
encircles the corpus callosum going to the lateral aspect of the midbrain
Corpus Callosum
largest commissure of the brain
Limbic Lobe Structures
cingulate gyrus
parahippocampal gyrus
hippocampal gyrus
papez circuit
paraterminal gyrus and subcallosal area
Cingulate Gyrus
biggest portion
runs anterior, superior, and posterior to corpus callosum
Callosal Sulcus
separates corpus callosum and cingulate gyrus
Cingulate Sulcus
separates cingulate gyrus from superior frontal gyrus
Parahippocampal gyrus
in between collateral sulcus and calcarine sulcus
Hippocampal Gyrus
storing memory
Papez Circuit
memory and emotion; explains why we get hungry
Basal Ganglia
gray matter
caudate nucleus
putamen
globus pallidus
amygdaloid nuclear complex
Caudate Nucleus
C shaped lat to the thalamus and related to lateral ventricle
Internal Capsule
separates the caudate nucleus with the lentiform nucleus
Lentiform nucleus
putamen (lateral): common site of hemorrhage
globus pallidus (medial)
Amygdaloid Nuclear Complex
situated close to temporal lobe near uncus
part of limbic system
Corpus Striatum
lentiform and caudate nucleus
receives afferent signals from cerebral cortex, thalamus, hypothalamus, and brainstem
responsible for movement by controlling cerebral cortex
Lateral Ventricle
ependyma-lined contains CSF and choroid plexus
Foramen of Monro
allows communication of third ventricle with the lateral ventricle
bounded anteriorly by anterior column of fornix and posteriorly by anterior end of thalamus
Septa Pellucida
separates right and left lateral ventricles
Divisions of the lateral ventricle
body horn: temporal lobe
anterior horn: frontal lobe
posterior horn: occipital lobe
inferior horn: temporal lobe
White Matter
Commissures
> corpus callosum
> anterior commissure
> posterior commissure
> hippocampal commissure
Internal Capsule
>anterior limb
>posterior limb
>genu (body)
Diencephalon
posteriorly contains the third ventricle (continuous with cerebral aqueduct) until interventricular foramina anteriorly
4 Major Parts of the Diencephalon
thalamus: largest
subthalamus: smallest
epithalamus
hypothalamus