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Neuroanatomy > Cerebrum > Flashcards

Cerebrum Flashcards

1
Q

What is the main source of afferent fibres for the first somatic sensory area?

A

Ventral posterior nucleus of the thalamus

Site of termination of all fibres from the medial lemniscus tracts as well as the spinothalamic and trigeminothalamic tracts.

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2
Q

Where does the somesthetic association cortex receive fibres from?

A

Primary somesthetic area and it’s thalamic connections are with the lateral posterior nucleus and the pulvinar

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3
Q

What are the afferent fibres for the primary visual cortex?

A

Lateral geniculate body of the thalamus by way of the geniculocalcarine tract

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4
Q

What does the dorsal stream of visual processing analyse?

A

Where - analyses motion and spatial relations

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5
Q

What does the ventral stream visual processing analyse?

A

What - identifies colours and familiar shapes such as faces and letters

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6
Q

What condition occurs when a lesion develops in the visual association cortex?

A

Visual agnosia

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7
Q

What is the importance of the corticotectak fibres in visual processing?

A

Connects the visual cortex, the visual association cortex, and the posterior part of the parietal lobe with the superior colliculus of the midbrain.

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8
Q

In visual processing, what does the superior colliculus control through indirect connections?

A

Controls the oculomotor, trochlear and abducens nuclei.

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9
Q

What are the principal source of axons that end in the primary auditory cortex?

A

Media, geniculate body of the thalamus, with these fibres constituting the auditory radiation in the cerebral white matter.

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10
Q

Describe pathway for the gustatory nerves

A

Taste buds
Gustatory nucleus in the brain stem ( solitary nucleus )
Medial part of the medial division of the ventral posterior nucleus of the thalamus via the ipsilatera, central tegmental tract
Thalamocortical fibres complete

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11
Q

What does the cortical projections of the vestibular system contribute to?

A

Motor regulation, awareness of spatial orientation, and sensations of vertigo and nausea associated with excessive vestibular stimulation

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12
Q

What are the main sources of input to the primary motor area?

A

Other motor areas of the cortex
Somesthetic cortex
Posterior division of the ventral lateral thalamus nuclei (receives input from the cerebellum)

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13
Q

Where does the pre motor area receive fibres from?

A

Other cortical areas
Ventral anterior division of the thalamus
Anterior division of the ventral lateral nucleus of the thalamus

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14
Q

What is the purpose of the prefrontal cortex?

A

Monitors behaviour and exercises control based on such higher mental faculties as judgement and foresight

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15
Q

How does Broca’s area and Wernickes area communicate?

A

Superior longitudinal (arcuate) fasciculus

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16
Q

What is the most numerous fibres in the CNS?

A

Association fibres

17
Q

What is an association fasciculus in the limbic lobe?

A

Cingulum

18
Q

What does the cingulum connect to?

A

Cingulaye GYRUS
PARAHIPPOCAMPAL GYRUS of the temporal lobe
Septal area below the genus of the corpus CALLOSUM

19
Q

What does the superior longitudinal fasciculus provide?

A

Communications between cortices of the parietal, temporal and occipital lobes and the cortex of the frontal lobe

20
Q

What does the arcuate fasciculus connect to?

A

Receptive (sensory) and expressive (motor) language areas

21
Q

Where do the fibres of the superior occipitofrontal fasciculus spread to?

A

Cortex of the frontal lobe and to cortex in the posterior part of the hemisphere.

22
Q

What are the two commissural fibres?

A

Corpus CALLOSUM
Anterior commissure

23
Q

What is the purpose of the fornix?

A

Connects the hippocampal formation of each temporal lobe with the hypothalamus and the septal area of the forebrain.

24
Q

What is the purpose of the anterior commissure?

A

Provides additional communication between the temporal lobes

25
Q

Where are the projection fibres concentrated?

A

Internal capsule

26
Q

What does the internal capsule consist of?

A

Anterior limb
GENU
Posterior limb
Retrolentiform part
Sublentiform part

27
Q

What radiations are located in the internal capsule

A

Thalamic radiations

28
Q

Where is the anterior thalamic radiation and where does it connect to?

A

Anterior limb of the internal capsule

Connecting mediodorsal thalamic nucleus and prefrontal cortex

29
Q

Where is the middle thalamic radiation located and what does it connect to?

A

Posterior limb of the internal capsule

Somatosensory projection from the ventral posterior thalamic nucleus to the somesthetic area in the parietal lobe

Via the posterior limb, fibres from the ventral anterior and ventral lateral nucleus of the thalamus reach the primary motor, premotor, supplementary motor, and cingulate motor areas of the frontal lobe.

30
Q

What does the posterior thalamic radiation connect to?

A

Thalamus and cortex of the occipital lobe

31
Q

Describe the geniculocalcarine tract

A

Visual cortex pathway

Lateral geniculate body
Sublentiform and retrolentiform parts of the internal capsule
Occipital lobe

32
Q

What does the inferior thalamic radiation connect to.

A

Thalamic nuclei with the cortex of the temporal lobe

33
Q

What kind of fibres are corticofugal?

A

Projection fibres

34
Q

Where do the corticobulbar and corticospinal tracts originate from?

A

Primary motor, premotor, supplementary motor and cingulate motor areas in the frontal lobe and in the ROSTRAL parts of the parietal lobe.

35
Q

Where does corticobulbar and corticospinal tracts descend to?

A

Anterior half of the posterior limb of the internal capsule

36
Q

Where does the corticopontind fibres originate from and where do they terminate?

A

All four lobes

Pontine nuclei in the basal part of the pons

Neuroanatomy (9 decks)

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