Cerebrovascular Review Unit Organizer ch. 18,19,22

Question 1

What is a Hollenhorst Plaque?

Answer 1

Bright plaque in the vessels of the retina

Question 2

What would an intraplaque hemorrhage look like?

Answer 2

Sonolucent area with in plaque.

Higher risk for rupture.

Question 3

What are the symptoms of temporal arteritis?

Answer 3

Severe headache and or sudden unilateral blindness.

Question 4

List some anterior circulation symptoms.

Answer 4

Unilateral paresis, unilateral paresthesia or anesthesia, dysphasia, behavioral abnormalities, amaurosis fugax, homonymous hemianopia

Question 5

List some nonlocalizing symptoms.

Answer 5

dizziness, syncope, difficulty with speech, headache, confusion

Question 6

List some posterior circulation symptoms.

Answer 6

Vertigo, ataxia, bilateral visual blurring, diplopia, bilateral paresthesia, drop attack

Question 7

What are some limitations of carotid duplex scanning?

Answer 7

presence of dressings, staples or sutures, size or contour of neck, patient movement, depth or course of the vessel, rapid respiratory pattern, acoustic shadowing from calcification

Question 8

What is a complex plaque?

Answer 8

low, medium, and high level echoes indicating soft dense areas

Question 9

What does the loss of a diastolic component in the ipsilateral CCA consistent with?

Answer 9

occlusion of the ICA

Question 10

What would be indicated by sustained reversal of flow during diastole?

Answer 10

Indicates aortic regurgitation or insufficiency

Question 11

What is crosstalk?

Answer 11

artifact produced by the presence of strong reflectors or an overly high gain setting

Question 12

What is the capabilities of intraoperative monitoring?

Answer 12

B-mode can identify defects secondary to carotid endraterectomy such as stricture of the suture line, intimal flaps, areas of platelet aggregation or residual plaque