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Vascular Technology III > Cerebrovascular Review Ch. 18,19, 22 > Flashcards

Cerebrovascular Review Ch. 18,19, 22 Flashcards

1
Q

anterior circulation: ICA

A

distributes blood to the anterior brain, the eyes, forehead, nose

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2
Q

ICA branches

A

ophthalmic artery, anterior cerebral artery, middle cerebral artery

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3
Q

Majority of the blood in the ICA

A

70-80% flows from the common carotid artery

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4
Q

carotid siphon

A

a significant curve of the distal ICA

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5
Q

ECA branches

A

superior thyroid artery, ascending pharyngeal a., lingual a., facial a., occipital a., posterior auricular a., superficial temporal a., and maxillary a.

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6
Q

anterior circulation: ECA supplies blood to

A

neck, face, scalp

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7
Q

posterior circulation

A

rt. and left vertebral arteries, basiliar artery, and circle of willis

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8
Q

periorbital circulation

A

branches of the ophthalmic artery- supraorbital artery, frontal artery, and nasal artery

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9
Q

Supraorbital artery (from ICA to ECA)

A

ICA-ophthalmic a.-supraorbital a- superficial temporal a.- ECA

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10
Q

Frontal artery (from ICA to ECA)

A

ICA- ophthalmic a. - frontal a.- superficial temporal a.- ECA

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11
Q

Nasal artery (from ICA to ECA)

A

ICA- ophthalmic a. - frontal a. - nasal a. - angular a.- facial a. - ECA

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12
Q

Tunica intima

A

inner layer of a vessel

a single layer of endothelial cells with a base membrane and connective tissue

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13
Q

tunica media

A

middle layer of a vessel

thick layer of smooth muscles and collagenous fiber

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14
Q

tunica adventitia

A

a thin fibrous layer of connective tissue and some smooth muscle fibers
contains the vasa vasorum

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15
Q

vasa vasorum

A

supplies blood to the walls of the larger arteries

transports oxygen and nutrients as well as removing waste products

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16
Q

Q= (P) * r^4 / 8nL

Relationship of flow vs. pressure gradient and size of the vessel

A

flow is directly proportional to pressure gradient and size of the vessel

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17
Q

flow vs. viscosity and length of a vessel

A

flow is inversely proportional to viscosity and length of a vessel

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18
Q

velocity and energy losses

A

velocity increases at a stenosis

this acceleration increases energy losses

19
Q

turbulence is detected by

A

spectral broadening which is a wide range of very low to very high frequency shifts

20
Q

TIA

A

transient ischemic attack, a fleeting neurologic dysfunction without lasting effects, symptoms do not last more than 24 hours

21
Q

RIND

A

reversible ischemic neurologic deficit, lasts longer than a TIA but resolves in time

22
Q

VBI

A

vertebrobasilar insufficiency, usually causes bilateral visual blurring or paresthesia and complaints of vertigo, ataxia and drop attacks

23
Q

CVA

A

cerebrovascular accident, produces a permanent neurologic deficit

24
Q

Risk factors for cerebrovascular disease

A

diabetes mellitus, hypertension, smoking and hyperlipidemia

25
Q

most common mechanisms of cerebrovascular insufficiency

A

ischemia and hemorrhage

26
Q

three leading causes of ischemia

A

atherothrombotic pathology, cardiogenic, and lacunar strokes

27
Q

atherothrombotic pathologies

A

alterations in perfusion secondary to an atheromatous plaque resulting in stenosis, occlusion, or thromboembolic event

28
Q

cardiogenic pathologies

A

usually responsible for cerebrovascular ischemia are altered cardiac function and most often an embolism

29
Q

lacunar strokes/ infarction

A

a small circumscribed loss of brain tissue caused by an occlusion of one of the small penetrating arteries in the brain

30
Q

the second most common mechanism of cerebrovascular insufficiency

A

hemorrhage, may be the result of hypertension, ruptured aneurysm, or trauma

31
Q

fatty streak

A

a thin layer of lipid material on the intimal layer of the artery

32
Q

fibrous plaque

A

an accumulation of lipids that is covered by more lipid material, collagen, and elastic fiber deposits

33
Q

complicated lesion

A

fibrous plaque that contains fibrous tissue, more collagen, calcium, and cellular debris

34
Q

ulcerative lesion

A

deterioration of the normally smooth surface of the fibrous cap

35
Q

embolism

A

a foreign substance or piece of a thrombus that moves through the circulatory system until it lodges in a distant blood vessel

36
Q

source of an embolism

A

heart, atherosclerotic plaque

37
Q

Thrombosis

A

composed of platelets trapped within a network of fibrin, one of the most common causes of a stroke

38
Q

aneurysm

A

an abnormal localized dilatation of a blood vessel due to congenital defects or weakness of the vessel wall

39
Q

cerebrovascular signs and symptoms

affected artery: ICA

A

contralateral weakness, paralysis, numbness, and or sensory changes; ipsilateral amaurosis fugax and or a bruit, may have aphasia if in the dominant hemisphere, occasionally altered level of consciousness

40
Q

cerebrovascular signs and symptoms

affected artery: middle cerebral

A

aphasia or dysphasia, severe contralateral hemiparesis or hemiplegia (more severe in face and arm rather than leg if upper division MCA occluded) dysarthria, behavioral changes, confusional state, agitated delirium ( if lower division MCA occluded)

41
Q

cerebrovascular signs and symptoms

affected artery: anterior cerebral

A

contralateral hemiparesis (especially in leg) incontinence, loss of coordination, impaired motor and sensory functions

42
Q

cerebrovascular signs and symptoms

affected artery: vertebrobasilar

A

numbness around lips and mouth, diplopia, poor coordination, dysphagia, vertigo, amnesia and ataxia

43
Q

cerebrovascular signs and symptoms

affected artery: posterior cerebral

A

dyslexia, coma (paralysis usually absent)

Vascular Technology III (7 decks)

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