cerebrovascular accident (CVA) Flashcards
3 types of stroke
Ischemic- Cause: An ischemic stroke occurs when a blood clot or other blockage (like a fatty deposit) blocks blood flow to a part of the brain. Without oxygen and nutrients from blood, brain cells begin to die.
Hemorrhagic (high BP, aneurysm)-Cause: A hemorrhagic stroke occurs when a blood vessel in the brain ruptures, leading to bleeding (hemorrhage) in or around the brain.
Transient ischemic attack (TIA, ‘‘mini-stroke’’)- Blockage durationtemporarily, still an Emergency
pervalence
both male and female age 55+ most likley affected
modifiable risk factors
stress, diet, sedentary lifestyle, physical trauma, smoking
if you have a right sided stroke do you loose language
no, brocas on left side
Apraxia of speech
Neurological disorder creating difficulties with speech production
motor effects
SPASTICITY
post-stroke condition that causes stiff or rigid muscles. It occurs due to involuntary muscle contraction. Commonly affects the wrist elbow and ankle.
HEMIPARESIS
Is weakness to one side of the body. It is possible to increase or regain your strength through rehab.
HEMIPLEGIA
Paralysis to one side of the body.
FINE MOTOR
Fine motor control can be affected due to multiple reasons. Loss of motor control, decreased or loss of proprioceptive abilities, decreased sensation and UE weakness.
BALANCE
Due to muscle weakness and loss of motor control, along with the proprioceptive impacts, makes coordinating muscle movements very difficult. Can also be exacerbated by cognitive changes.
SWALLOWING (Dysphagia)
A decreased ability to suck, chew, and move solids and liquids around your mouth. Inability to swallow and squeeze food down your throat. Due to a lack of motor control of lips, cheek, tongue and jaw.
Cognitive Impairments
Memory loss - slow thinking, lack of attention, and confusion are common symptoms.
Verbal working memory difficulties
Due to damage experienced in the fronto-parietal network of the brain. Patients will have difficulty remembering what was just said to them.
Impaired reading, writing, and learning
Alexia is an acquired form of sensory aphasia that causes patients to lose their ability to read, it’s also referred to as word blindness
Sensory Impairments
Motor weakness/ paralysis
Neurological deficits can occur with CVA that can affect the somatosensory system and disrupt motor functions.
Vision impairments
Damage to the occipital lobe and brain stem affects the body’s ability to revise visual information and recognize and make sense of what is being seen. A CVA can cause damage to the right visual field.
Balance
The cerebellum, which is responsible for receiving sensory information from the body, can be affected by CVA. A loss of sensation in the limbs and the ability to perceive the environment around you can impact balance, making it more challenging to keep steady.
role of PTA (Acute)
-Prevent complications
-Minimize impairments
-Maximize function
-Tools
-Provide resistance: digiflex, dumbbells, Ankle weights, TB, Ball, flexbar
Considerations:
-Make sure arm is well supported
-Make sure the shoulder is stable and not aggravated (avoid subluxation).
-Fatigue and Pain
-Cognition (mental state and mood)
-Vital signs
Role of PTA (rehab)
Biggest goal for Stroke Patients is walking.
-improve strength and coordination of the lower extremities
-Focusing on sitting, standing, and then eventually progressing to walking
-Focus on client’s posture throughout the entire process will ensure the best outcomes
Role of OTA (cognition)
Mirror test (show them there affected side so they know its there)
Role of OTA (physical)
Working on the affected side (or other deficits) is one of the first steps to achieving ADLs (dressing, grooming, feeding, etc), personal goals, w/c and bed mobility and the patient’s everyday tasks.
environmental factors
-Handrails & grab bars: Facilitate transfers and mobilization
-Meals on Wheels Ottawa: Hot or frozen meals delivered
-March of Dimes | After Stroke/ GRASP Program
-Aphasia Centre of Ottawa
-Virtual Group Program for people with aphasia
