Cerebral palsy Flashcards
What is cerebral palsy?
Heterogenous group of disorders affecting the muscle tone and the development of movement and posture resulting from non-progressive brain damage
What are the causes of cerebral palsy?
Idiopathic (most common)
Preterm birth and low birth weight
TORCH infection Toxoplasmosis, Other (varicella-zoster, parvovirus B19), Rubella, Cytomegalovirus infection (CMV), Herpes infections, HIV infection, and Syphilis.
What are the types of cerebral palsy?
(Spastic) spastic paresis of one or more limbs (75% of cases)
(Non-spastic) Either Dyskinetic: abnormal involuntary movements or Ataxic: intention tremor, lack of balance and coordination
What are the clinical features of cerebral palsy?
(General) do not reach certain milestones Intellectual disability Seizure disorder (35%–50%) Joint contractures ADHD
(Spastic) ↑ Muscle tone in one or more limbs ↑ deep tendon reflex Toe walking Muscle weakness and/or atrophy Scissor gait
(Non-spastic) Abnormal involuntary movements that worsen with stress and disappear with sleep
Chorea
Dysarthria
Dysphagia
How is cerebral palsy diagnosed?
(Mainly clinical)
(Crainial US)
(MRI)
What is the treatment for cerebral palsy?
Multidisciplinary appraoch
(Antispasmodics) e.g., botulinum toxin, baclofen, dantrolene, benzodiazepines