Cerebral Malaria Flashcards
species that cause malaria include
- P. falciparum
- P. vivid
- P. ovale
- P. malariae
- P. knowlesi
transmission of malaria
- transmission by the night-biting female anopheles
mosquito - vertical transmission
- blood transfusion
most common and fatal malaria causing species
p. falciparum
new species isolated from primates in malaysia potentially fatal
p. knowlesi
symptoms of malaria
- flu like symptoms
- sudden attack of high spiking fever and shaking chills
(due to synchronous systemic lysis of RBCs) - abdominal pain diarrhoea myalgia headache cough
- hepatosplenomegaly and thrombocytopenia without
leukocytosis
three stages of symptoms
hot stage sweating stage cold stage
blackwater fever
complication of malaria rbcs burst in the bloodstream (hemolysis), releasing hemoglobin directly into the blood vessels and into the urine leading to kidney failure
metabolic acidosis
serious electrolyte disorder characterized by an imbalance in the body’s acid-base balance
cerebral malaria
disturbance of cerebral function characterized by altered consciousness that persists despite correction of metabolic defects (hypoglycaemia or acidosis) severe anaemia and seizures and no other explanation for the coma can be found
signs of cerebral malaria
- convulsions
- fl accidity of limbs
- hypertonicity
- posturing and opisthotonos
stain for investigation of cerebral malaria is
giema stain
management of cerebral malaria
supportive treatment
- seizure management anemia and coagulopathy
hypoglycaemia fluid management antimalarial therapy
drug of choice for cerebral malaria
artemisinin and quinine
