Cerebral Ischaemia and stroke Flashcards
describe the brain blood supply
two pairs of arteries supply blood to the brain : vertebral arteries (back) and carotid arteries (front) to form the ring of arteries - circle of willis
which part of the brain does basilar artery supplies
both spinal cord and brain stem
which part of the brain does anterior cerebral artery supplies
medial surface of frontal and parietal lobes
which part of the brain does middle cerebral artery supplies
supplies most of the lateral surface of the brain as well as deep structures, such as the basal ganglia and the internal capsule.
which part of the brain does posterior cerebral artery supplies
supply the medial surfaces of the occipital (medial wall) and temporal (inferior) lobes as well as the thalamus deep in the forebrain.
what does stroke leads to
hemiplegia (paralysis on one side), balance problems, loss of sensations, loss of visual field, language
what are the two types of stroke
ischemic and haemorrhagic
what are the two types of ischemic stroke
focal ischemia which is confined to a specific region and global ischemia which encompasses the whole brain tissue which is normally caused by cardiac arrest
what does focal brain ischemia degree of damage depends on
the extent and duration of occlusion and blood supply from other vessels
what causes focal brain ischemia
thrombosis forming a platelet plug and embolism which is a blood clot
what is the core in ischemia
the part of tissue that undergoes irreversible damage
what is the infarct in ischemia
dead tissues, made from neuron and glial cells suffered from necrotic cell death
what is the penumbra in ischemia
area around the dead tissue, not severe enough to cause irreversible damage as collateral arteries supply it with oxygen and glucose
What do doctors target therapeutic interventions for ischemia?
target penumbra to preserve tissue from cell death
what might cause transient ischaemic attack
high blood pressure, cigarette, heart disease, diabetes