Cerebral Hemisphere Overview Flashcards
What is a gyri?
Complex convolutions of brain cortex
What is a sulci (fissure)?
CSF-filled grooves or clefts that separate gyri
What is an operculae?
Parts of frontal, temporal, pareital lobes that overhang/enclose insula
It is anterior region of hemisphere; anterior to central sulcus, superior to sylvian fissure
Frontal lobe
Posterior region of the hemisphere; posterior to central sulcus, anterior to parietooccipital sulcus
Parietal lobe
Posterior to parietooccipital sulcus
Occipital lobe
Inferior to sylvian fissure, anterior to angular gyrus
Temporal lobe
Cortical region hidden within depths of lateral (sylvian) fissure; covered by frontal, temporal, parietal opercula
Insula
Contains primary motor cortex
Precentral gyrus
It contains the detailed topographyically-organized map (“moto homunculus “) of contralateral body
Head/face lateral, legs/feet along medial surface
Primary motor complex
It is within the gyrus just anterior to precentral gyrus (motor cortex)
Premotor cortex
What are the three additional major gyri of the frontal lobe?
- Superior frontal gyrus
- Middle frontal gyrus
- Inferior frontal gyrus
Which are separated by superior and inferior frontal sulci.
The parietal lobe is seperated by the occipital lobe by what sulcus?
Parietooccipital sulcus (medial surface)
It is the primary somatosensory cortex
Postcentral gyrus
Superior and inferior parietal lobules lies posterior to what gyrus?
Postcentral gyrus
Supramarginal gyrus lies at the end of what fissure?
Sylvian fissure
Angular gyus lies ventral to what gyrus?
Supramarginal gyrus
What is the medial surface of the parietal lobe?
Precuneus
Where is the primary visual cortex?
Medial occipital lobe
Medial surface of occipital lobe?
Cuneus
It contains the primary auditory cortex
Superior temporal gyrus
Part of the temporal lobe which connects with auditory, somatosensory, and visual association pathways
Middle temporal gyrus
Part of temporal lob: Higher visual association area
Inferior temporal gyrus
Part of the temporal lobe which is included in the major subdivision of limbic system
Parahippocampal gyruss on medial surface, merges into uncus
It lies deep in floor of sylvian fissure, overlapped by frontal, temporal, and parietal operculae
Insula
Parts of the limbic system
- Subcallosal, cingulate, parahippocampal gyri
- Cingulate gyrus extends around corpus callosum; tapers rostrally (anteriorly) into paraterminal gyrus, subcallosal area.
- Hippocampus included dentate gyrus, Ammon horn (cornu ammonis)
Base of the brain
Orbital gyri cover base of frontal lobe: gyrus recus medially
Olfactory bulb/tract lie within olfactory sulcus
Three major types of fibers in white matter tracts
Cingulum
Corpus callosum
Internal capsule
It is a long association fiber which lies beneath the cingulate gyrus
Cingulum
Largest commisural fiber that links the cerebral hemispheres
Corpus callosum
Parts of the basal ganglia
Caudate nucleus, putamen, globus pallidus
Paired nuclear complexes which serve as relay station for most sensory pathways
Thalamus
Imaging modality which best evaluates the cerebral hemispheres.
Multiplanar MR
White matter is best evaluated by what imaging?
Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) on 1.5 or 3 Tesla MR
Limbic system is best evaluated by what imaging?
High-resolution coronal T2 MR, T1 volume images and FLAIR
Basal ganglia and thalami are best evaluated by?
Multiplanar MR
