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Block 1 Neuro > Cerebral Hemisphere > Flashcards

Cerebral Hemisphere Flashcards

1
Q

Forebrain anatomy

A

Cerebral cortex, basal ganglia, thalamus

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2
Q

Forebrain function

A

Motor control, somatosensory processing, emotion, thoughts, planning, working memory (COGNITION)

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3
Q

Frontal lobe functions

A

Motor control center, executive function

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4
Q

Parietal lobe function

A

Somatosensory processing

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5
Q

Temporal lobe function

A

Auditory processing, new memory formation

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6
Q

Limbic structure function

A

Emotional processing, learning and memory

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7
Q

Basal ganglia function

A

Coordinates choice of mutually exclusive skeletal muscle actions, operational learning.

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8
Q

What does basal ganglia dysfunction lead to?

A

Movement disorders

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9
Q

Thalamus function

A

Interpret/modulate sensory input to cortex. Change input to cortex based on arousal, sleep etc. Role in attention to parts or features of sensory environment

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10
Q

Damage to thalamus can result in what?

A

Chronic neuropathic pain

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11
Q

“Executive” area

A

Frontal lobe

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12
Q

“Where” area

A

Parietal/occipital lobe

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13
Q

“What” area

A

Temporal/occipital lobe

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14
Q

Precentral gyrus (area 4)

A

Primary motor cortex (fine, direct motor movement control–pyramidal or direct pathway)

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15
Q

Caudal frontal gyri

A

Premotor cortex

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16
Q

Caudal middle/superior frontal gyri

A

Frontal eye fields (voluntary eye movements)

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17
Q

Supplementary motor area (medial

A

Motor movement initiation/programming, micurition control area

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18
Q

Prefrontal cortex

A

Attention, motivation, planning, abstraction/problem solving, control of effective or planned behavior, social skills, working memory

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19
Q

Inferior frontal gyrus/Broca’s area (left side)

A

Speech formulation

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20
Q

Inferior frontal gyrus (right side)

A

Language production

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21
Q

Postcentral gyrus and posterior paracentral lobule

A

Primary somatosensory cortex

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22
Q

Superior parietal lobule, precuneus

A

Somatosensory association (shape, form)

23
Q

Inferior parietal lobule

A

Multimodal association cortex (integration of somatosensory, vision, audition)

24
Q

Posterior parietal

A

Visuospatial orientation

25
Q

Calcarine cortex (area 17) (Lingual gyrus, cuneus)

A

Primary visual cortex

26
Q

Medial, lateral, inferior occipital gyri

A

Visual association (color, motion, depth)

27
Q

Lateral occipital gyri

A

Involuntary eye movements (pursuit)

28
Q

Transverse temporal gyri (Heschl’s convolutions)

A

Primary auditory cortex (hearing)

29
Q

Superior temporal gyrus (Wernicke’s area)

A

Auditory association

30
Q

Association area of the temporal lobe

A

Memory storage

31
Q

Limbic lobe

A

Medial aspect of each hemisphere, surrounds corpus callosum, diencephalon, a lobe

32
Q

Parts of limbic lobe

A

Septal area, cingulate gyrus, isthmus of cingulate gyrus, parahippocampal gyris, hippocampal formation

33
Q

Function of anterior part of limbic lobe

A

emotional behavior, homeostasis

34
Q

Function of posterior part of limbic lobe

A

learning and memory

35
Q

Hippocampal formation

A

Learning/memory consolidation

36
Q

Rostral parahippocampal gyrus/uncus, temporal pole, limen insulae function

A

Primary olfactory cortex

37
Q

Lesions in the orbitofrontal cortex result in what problem?

A

Loss of odor discrimination and identification

38
Q

Insular cortex function

A

Integrate visceral input (olfactory, gustatory, general sensory)

39
Q

Parts of the internal capsule

A

Anterior and posterior limbs, genu

40
Q

Blood supply of internal capsule

A

Anterolateral arteries and posterolateral striate arteries

41
Q

Agnosis

A

inability to understand or recognize significance of sensory stimuli. Related to association areas

42
Q

Tactile agnosis

A

Can’t correlate texture, shape, size, and weight of object and compare with previous experience

43
Q

Visual agnosis

A

Inability to recognize objects. Patient can’t relate present to past visual experiences. Can’t recognize what is seen and appreciate significance

44
Q

Auditory agnosia

A

Fails to recognize meaning of perceived sound

45
Q

Anosognosia

A

Loss of disease awareness

46
Q

Prospagnosia

A

Ability to recognize faces impaired. Involves underside of occipital lobes

47
Q

Apraxia

A

Inability to carry out a motor action in response to verbal request in absence of paralysis, sensory abnormality, comprehension deficit or ataxia. Usually associated with dominant cerebral hemisphere.

48
Q

Aphasia

A

Defect in language processing caused by brain lesions. Most cases caused by stroke, head injury, cerebral tumors, dementia

49
Q

Expressive aphasia

A

Problem in formation of speech

50
Q

Receptive aphasia

A

Failure to comprehend meaning of known word

51
Q

Projection neurons

A

Axons project to and from cerebral hemisphere

52
Q

Afferent

A

To cerebral cortex. Ex. thalamocortical fibers–> from thalamus to cortex

53
Q

Efferent

A

Away from cerebral cortex. Pyramidal motor system (direct)

54
Q

Pyramidal motor system

A

Upper motor neuron. Generate EPSP’s on lower motor neurons and interneurons

Block 1 Neuro (6 decks)

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