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NeuroDPT > Cerebral Cortex / Blood Supply / Strokes > Flashcards

Cerebral Cortex / Blood Supply / Strokes Flashcards

1
Q

The function of the primary somatosensory area?

A

Discriminates shape, texture, and or size of objects

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2
Q

The function of the primary auditory area?

A

Conscious discrimination of loudness and pitch of sounds

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3
Q

The function of the primary visual area?

A

Distinguishes intensity of light, shape, size, and location of objects

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4
Q

The function of the primary vestibular area?

A

Discriminates among head positions and head movements, contributes to to perception of vertical

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5
Q

The Primary Somatosensory Cortex receives information from tactile and proprioceptive receptors via a three-neuron pathway:

A

-Peripheral afferent/dorsal column neuron
- Medial lemniscus neuron
- Thalamocortical neuron

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6
Q

Visual information travels from?

A

retina ➙ LGN ➙ primary visual cortex

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7
Q

The function of the secondary somatosensory area?

A

Stereognosis and memory of tactile and spatial environment

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8
Q

The function of the secondary visual area?

A

Analysis of motion, color, recognition of visual objects; understanding of visual spatial relationships; control of visual fixation

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9
Q

The function of the secondary auditory area?

A

Classification of sounds

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10
Q

The function of the Primary motor cortex?

A

Voluntarily controlled movements

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11
Q

The function of the Premotor area?

A

Control of trunk and girdle muscles, anticipatory postural adjustments

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12
Q

The function of the Supplementary motor area?

A

Initiation of movement, orientation planning.
bimanual and sequential movements

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13
Q

The function of Broca’s area?

A

Motor programming of speech (usually in the left hemisphere only)

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14
Q

The function of Inferior frontal gyrus (usually in right hemisphere) ?

A

Planning nonverbal communication (emotional ges-tures, tone of voice; usually in the right hemisphere)

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15
Q

What are the main groups divided by the internal medullary lamina?

A

Relay nuclei, Association nuclei, Nonspecific nuclei

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16
Q

What are the motor relay nuclei?

A
  • VA (ventral anterior)
  • VL (ventral lateral)
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17
Q

What are the sensory relay nuclei?

A
  • VPL (ventral posterolateral)
  • VPM (ventral posteromedial)
  • MG (medial geniculate)
  • LG (lateral geniculate)
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18
Q

What are the Association nuclei responsible for declarative memory?

A
  • AN (anterior nucleus)
  • LD (lateral dorsal)
  • M (midline)
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19
Q

What are the Association nuclei responsible for sensory integration?

A
  • LP (lateral posterior)
  • P (pulvinar)
20
Q

What are the Association nuclei responsible for emotion?

A

MG (medial group)

21
Q

What are the Nonspecific nuclei?

A
  • I (intralaminar)
  • R (reticular)
22
Q

What structure in the epithalamus responds to color?

A

Habenula

23
Q

What structure in the epithalamus responds to sleep/wake cycles?

A

Pineal Gland

24
Q

The ACA supplies what lobe(s)?

A
  • frontal lobe (primarily the medial portion)
  • medial parietal lobe
25
Q

The MCA supplies what lobe(s)?

A
  • Lateral frontal
  • Parietal lobe
  • Temporal lobe
26
Q

The PCA supplies what lobe(s)?

A
  • Medial temporal lobe
  • Occipital lobe
27
Q

Symptoms of a PCA stroke?

A
  • Visual Loss
  • Alexia without agraphia
  • Hemi sensory loss/hemiparesis
28
Q

Pusher Syndrome is typically caused by damage to what structure?

A

Posterolateral thalamus

29
Q

What are signs and symptoms of a thalamic lesion?

A
  • Impaired proprioception
  • Contralateral sensory loss
  • Contralateral hemiparesis
30
Q

What are typical symptoms of an ACA infarct?

A
  • Contralateral LE weakness and sensory loss
  • Behavioral issues related to frontal lobe
  • Transcortical aphasia (Left)
  • Grasp reflex, hemineglect (Right)
31
Q

What are signs and symptoms of increased ICP (intracranial pressure)?

A
  • Headache
  • Blurred Vision
  • Decreased Arousal
  • Nausea/Vomiting
32
Q

A superior quadrantopia is caused by infarct to what structure?
What artery is involved?

A
  • Inferior Optic Radiations
  • Inferior Division of MCA
33
Q

An inferior quadrantopia is caused by infarct to what structure?
What artery is involved?

A
  • Superior Optic Radiations
  • Superior Division of MCA
34
Q

What are symptoms of a left MCA strokes?

A

Superior Division:
- R face and UE hemiparesis
- Broca’s aphasia
- R face and UE sensory loss
-Inferior Quadrantopia
Inferior Division:
- Superior Quadrantopia
- Wernickle’s Aphasia
- R Face and UE sensory loss

35
Q

A right homonymous hemianopsia can be caused by infarct to what artery?

A

Left PCA

36
Q

A left homonymous hemianopsia can be caused by infarct to what artery?

A

Right PCA

37
Q

Behavioral abnormalities can be seen with an infarct to which artery?

A

ACA

38
Q

An infarct to which artery may cause declarative memory loss?

A

PCA

39
Q

Which artery includes motor and sensory function, lower limb > upper limb?

A

ACA

40
Q

Which artery includes includes motor and sensory function, upper limb > lower limb?

A

MCA

41
Q

Transcortical Aphasia can be seen with an infarct to which artery?

A

LEFT ACA

42
Q

Left hemineglect and grasp reflex can be seen with an infarct to which artery?

A

RIGHT ACA

43
Q

What is the most common type of stroke and which artery is most often involved?

A
  • Ischemic
  • MCA
44
Q

______ strokes may be abrupt, or they can have a more gradual onset, with slower recovery and more residual deficits.

A

Thrombotic

45
Q

______ strokes result in abrupt onset of symptoms, and recovery can occur most rapidly in the first couple of weeks.

A

Embolic

46
Q

______ strokes onset of symptoms is quick, and improvement typically occurs after the extravascular blood is removed and the edema resolves.

A

Hemorrhagic

47
Q

A lesion involving complete optic chiasm can cause what type of visual field defect?

A

Bitemporal hemianopia

NeuroDPT (2 decks)

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