Cerebral Cortex Flashcards
The cerebral cortex is made up of ____.
Glycoproteins
What is the function of the cerebral cortex?
Overall command of NS
Origin of voluntary movements
Responsible for all conscious awareness
Cortex is made up of _____
Gray matter
The cortex is arranged with ____ and ____ that gives the surface area.
Gyri (bump)
Sulci (grooves)
Lobes of the cerebral cortex
Frontal
Occipital
Temporal
Parietal
Limbic
Insula of reille
The core of our functions and emotions
Limbic lobe
What is the lobe between the occipital and parietal lobe called?
Parieto-occipital
What fissure divides the occipital lobe?
Calcimine fissure
The calcimine fissure divides the occipital lobe into:
Primary vision area
Visual association area
What are the layers of the cerebral cortex (superficial-deep)?
Molecular layer
External granular layer
External pyramidal layer
Internal granular layer
Internal pyramidal layer
Multiform layer
What are the components of the molecular layer?
Axons & Dendrites
What are the components of the External Granular layer?
Densely packed Stellate cells
Small pyramidal cells
What are the components of the External Pyramidal layer?
Loosely packed Stellate cells
Medium pyramidal cells
What are the components of the Internal Granular layer
Densely packed stellate cells
What are the components of the Internal Pyramidal layer
Large pyramidal cells
What are the components of the Multiform layer?
Multiple sized pyramidal cells
Loosely packed stellate cells
Pyramidal cells carry what type of data?
Motor and Sensory
What do Stellate cells do?
From intracortical connections
What does the Fusiform do?
Enter deep white matter
Where can the Neuron of Martinotti be found?
In all layers except the first
Intracortical fibers such as stellate cells, martinotti cells, and cajal neurons are what type of fibers?
Association fibers
Intercortical fibers such as the corpus callosum and anterior commissure hippocampal are what type of fibers?
Commissural fibers
Long fibers that starts from the cortex and transmits data down.
Projection fibers
Pyramidal cells are what type of fibers?
Projection fibers
What lobe of the brain is the origin of all voluntary movements?
Frontal lobe
What brodmann’s areas are responsible for voluntary movement?
Areas 4, 6, 8
What lobe is responsible for proper response to stimuli?
Frontal lobe (pre-frontal area)
What lobe is responsible for the core of our emotions and responses?
Limbic lobe
What brodmann’s areas are responsible for proper stimuli response?
Areas 9, 10 , 11, 12
Brodmann’s areas 9-12 are under what lobe?
Pre-frontal lobe
What are the structures found in the Limbic lobe?
Prefrontal lobe
Amygdala
Cingulate gyrus
Nucleus basalis of meynert
Parahippocampus
Hippocampus
Insula of reille
Where is the parietal lobe located?
Posterior to the rolandic sulcus
What is the function of the parietal lobe?
Receive, collect, and process, and interpret general sensory stimuli
What is the location of the temporal lobe?
Inferior to Sylvian fissure
Function of temporal lobe
Receive, collect, process, and interpret auditory stimuli.
Where does the temporal lobe store all memory?
Inferior temporal gyrus
Where is the Occipital lobe located?
Posterior to parietal lobe
What is the function of the Occipital lobe?
Receives, collect, process, and interpret visual stimuli
What are the 3 areas for receiving lobes?
Primary area
Association area
Integration area
This area of receiving lobes collect data from outside the central nervous cortex.
Primary area
This area of the receiving lobes processes and interprets data.
Association area
This area is common among the 3 different lobes
Integration area
What are the areas of general sensation?
Primary somathestetic area
Somathestetic association area
Integration area
What is the primary somathestetic area?
Area 3, 1, 2
What is the somathestetic association area?
Area 5 & 7
What is the integration area of general sensation?
Area 39 & 40
What are the areas of vision?
Primary visual area
Visual association area
Integration area
What is the primary visual area?
Area 17 beneath the calcarine fissure
What is the visual association area?
Area 18 & 19 above the calcarine fissure
What is the visual integration area?
Areas 39 & 40
What are the areas of audition?
Primary auditory area
Auditory association area
Integration area
What is the primary auditory area?
Areas 41 & 42
What is the auditory association area?
Area 22
What is the auditory integration area?
Area 30 & 40
Where is the auditory area located?
Superior temporal gyrus
The auditory area is aka?
Heschi’s gyrus
The primary and auditor association area is known as?
Wernicke’s
What are the functions of the Left hemishphere?
Language
Calculation
Left-Right orientation
Body part recognition
Reading
Right hemisphere functions
Visual-spatial orientation
Drawing
Dressing
Ideomotor skills
Recognition of the left side of the body.
What cortical dysfunction presents with language disturbance?
Aphasia
What type of aphasia wherein the patient cannot say or express words?
Broca’s / Motor Aphasia
What type of aphasia wherein the patient cannot comprehend the spoken language?
Wernicke’s / Sensory aphasia
What type of aphasia wherein the patient presents with a mixture of both Broca’s and Wernicke’s aphasia?
Conductive aphasia
What cortical dysfunction presents with failure to know something previously known?
Agnosia
What cortical dysfunction presents with failure to do something one could previously do?
Apraxia
What is the floor of the temporal lobe?
Hippocampus
What are the 3 major divisions of the hippocampus?
Subiculum
Ammons Horn
Dentate Gyrus
