Cerebellum Basic Circuitry Flashcards
Now we know that the cerebellum is involved with NMR conditioning, what is the next step?
Locate the sites of synaptic plasticity that mediate simple delay conditioning of the nictitating membrane response
How do the CS and the US arrive at the cerebellum?
The tone (CS) arrives at the cerebellum through the mossy fibre input
The shock or airpuff (US) arrives at the same region of the cerebellum through the climbing fibre input
Where would the candidate sites for plasticity be?
At which cells do these two inputs (mossy fibres and climbing fibres) meet? Synapses on these cells would be candidates for plasticity for NMR conditioning
What are the two candidate sites of plasticity?
- Cerebellar cortex - parallel fibres and climbing fibres both synapse on Purkinje cells of lobule HVI
- Deep cerebellar nuclei: mossy fibres and climbing fibres both synapse on neurons in the anterior interpositus nucleus
What are the two parts of the cerebellum?
Extensive cerebellar cortex
Compact deep nuclei
Describe the basic cerebellar cortical circuitry
Mossy fibres excite granule cells
Granule cell axons (parallel and ascending fibres) excite Purkinje cells
Purkinje cells inhibit cells in cerebellar nuclei
What is the role of the mossy fibres in NMR conditioning?
They convey information about the tone CS to area HVI
Frequency of firing increases with tone intensity
What is the role of the granule cells in NMR conditioning?
Mossy fibres synapse with granule cells
The axons of granule cells form parallel fibres, that synapse with the dendrites of Purkinje cells
There are many granule cells in the brain - at least 100 per mossy fibre (expansion recoding)
What is expansion recoding?
Neural activity space is increased through a random projection of mossy fibre inputs onto a significantly larger population of granule cells
Expansion recoding is thought to play a key role in pattern separation prior to associative learning
Pattern separation is a process in which neural circuits transform similar input activity patterns into more distinct output patterns
What is the role of the Purkinje cells?
Sole output cells of the cerebellar cortex
What are the characteristics of Purkinje cells?
Each Purkinje cell receives approx 150,000 parallel fibre synapses
Largest cells in the cerebellar cortex
Distinctive dendritic field - flattened out like a fan
Describe the gross anatomy of the cerebellum
3 layers
- Molecular = parallel fibres and Purkinje cell dendrites
- Purkinje layer = Purkinje cells
- Granular = Golgi cells, granule cells, mossy fibres
What other cell types are found in the cerebellum?
Golgi cells
Stellate cells
Basket cells
What are the characteristics of Golgi cells?
Receive input from parallel fibres
Project back to synapses between mossy fibres and granule cells
Are inhibitory - so the more parallel fibre input they get, the more they reduce it
What is the presumed function of Golgi cells?
To control expansion recoding