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Neuroanatomy Exam II > Cerebellum > Flashcards

Cerebellum Flashcards

1
Q

Which sensory inputs do the cerebellum receive from?

A

Receives input from all sensory systems and from many areas of the brain

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2
Q

Generally, what does the cerebellum aid in?

A

Control of muscle tone, posture and other aspects of motor activity

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3
Q

Specifically how does the cerebellum aid motor activity?

A

Helps to synchronize muscle contractions such that the force, range and direction of a movement are coordinated.

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4
Q

Is the involvement of the cerebellum in motor control indirect or direct? Why?

A

Largely indirect, the cerebellum itself does not directly influence LMNs.

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5
Q

Where do the output neurons of the cerebellum project fibers to?

A

Project to motor areas of the brain and brainstem that then project descending motor control fibers to LMNs

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6
Q

What are the 2 major regions of the cerebellum?

A

Vermis

Hemispheres

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7
Q

What is the vermis?

A

Medial portion, extending from superior surface to inferior surface

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8
Q

How many hemispheres are in the cerebellum?

A

2, Right and Left

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9
Q

What is the paravermis?

A

The medial part of the hemispheres

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10
Q

What is the primary fissure of the cerebellum? And where is it located?

A

On the superior surface that separates the anterior from the posterior lobe

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11
Q

Where is the anterior lobe of the cerebellum?

A

Anterior to primary fissure on superior surface

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12
Q

Where is the posterior lobe of the cerebellum?

A

Posterior to primary fissure on superior and inferior surface

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13
Q

Where is the flocculonodular lobe found?

A

Along anterior edge of inferior surface of cerebellum

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14
Q

How many lobules make up the flocculonodular lobe?

A

3

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15
Q

What are the lobules that make up the flocculonodular lobe?

A

2 Flocculi

1 Nodulus

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16
Q

Where are the flocculi found?

A

Near VII and VIII cranial nerves

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17
Q

Where is the nodule?

A

Midline suspended or hangs downward in IV ventricle

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18
Q

What are the different parts of the cerebellum?

A

Archicerebellum
Paleocerebellum
Neocerebellum

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19
Q

What are the parts of the cerebellum based on?

A

Developmental criteria

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20
Q

What is the archicerebellum associated with?

A

The vestibular nerve and nuclei

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21
Q

What does the archicerebellum correspond anatomically with?

A

Flocculonodular

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22
Q

What does the paleocerebellum do?

A

Receives many of its afferent input from sensory receptors that ascend from the spinal cord

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23
Q

What does the paleocerebellum correspond anatomically with?

A

Corresponds to the vermis and paravermi

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24
Q

What movements are related to the archicerebellum?

A

Trunk movement

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25
Q

What movements are related to the paleocerebellum?

A

Trunk and proximal extremities

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26
Q

What does the neocerebellum do?

A

The newest and the largest part of the cerebellum. Input is largely from the cerebral cortex after relay in the pontine nuclei

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27
Q

What does the neocerebellum correspond anatomically with?

A

Corresponds to part of the vermis, but mostly the lateral parts of the hemispheres

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28
Q

What movements are related to the neocerebellum?

A

Distal extremities and face

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29
Q

What are folia of the cerebellar cortex?

A

Seies of narrow leaf-like folds

30
Q

What neuron types are included in the cerebellar cortex?

A

Purkinje, Golgi, STellate, basket and granule cells

31
Q

What are the 3 distinct histological layers of the cerebellar cortex?

A

Molecular layer
Purkinje layer
Grnular layer

32
Q

What is the molecular layer of the cerebellar cortex?

A

Outer layer

  • includes few neurons (stellate and basket cells)
  • serves as an important synaptic field
33
Q

What is the purkinje layer of the cerebellar cortex?

A

Middle layer

- single row of purkinje cells

34
Q

Where do the purkinje cell dendrites stem from?

A

They arborize in molecular layer

35
Q

Where do the axons of purkinje cells terminate?

A

Axons leave cerebellar cortex and terminate on deep cerebellar nuclei or the vestibular nuclear complex

36
Q

Are purkinje cells efferent or afferent neurons?

A

Purkinje cells are the efferent neurons of the cerebellar cortex (only neurons to send axons out of the cortical circuit)

37
Q

What is the granular layer of the cerebellar cortex?

A

Inner layer

- densely packed neurons include granule and golgi cells

38
Q

Where do the axons of granule cells ascend and what do they do?

A

Axons of granule cells ascend into molecular layer and synapses/influences purkinje cells

39
Q

What part of the cerebellum is made of white matter?

A

Forms core or medullary center

40
Q

What are the white matter fibers are continous with?

A

The 3 pairs of cerebellar peduncles

41
Q

What does the white matter form when it extends out to the cortex?

A

Arbor vitae

42
Q

Are the white matter fibers efferent or afferent from the cerebellum?

A

Fibers are both efferent and afferent

43
Q

What two structural types of fibers are afferent fibers to the cerebellar cortex?

A

Mossy fibers

Climbing fibers

44
Q

What are mossy fibers?

A

Fibers that terminate in the granular layer in an expanded terminal called rossette

45
Q

What types of cells synapse with mossy fibers?

A

Golgi and granule cells

46
Q

Where do granule cell axons project?

A

Project into molecular layer and influence purkinje cells

47
Q

What type of fibers are most of the afferents to cerebellar cortex?

A

Mossy fibers

48
Q

What are climbing fibers?

A

Fibers that ascend into the molecular layer where they wind or climb along the dendritic trees of purkinje cells

49
Q

Where do climbing fibers excert control on?

A

Purkinje cells

50
Q

Where do climbing fibers originate from?

A

Climbing fibers originate from the contralateral inferior olivary complex and are primarily olivocerebellar fibers

51
Q

Where do afferents to the cerebellum traverse?

A

Traverse the cerebellar peduncles

52
Q

What type of fibers do the middle cerebellar peduncles include?

A

Only pontocerebellar fibers

53
Q

List the pathway from the left cerebral cortex to the right cerebellum

A

Left cerebral cortex -> left pontine nuclei (via corticopontine fibers) -> right cerebellum (via pontocerebellar fibers)

54
Q

Where is the archicerebellum anatomically

A

flocculonodular lobe

55
Q

Where does the archicerebellum receive input from

A

receives afferent input from the vestibular nerve, vestibular nuclei, and contralateral inferior nucleus
-these fibers project to the cerebellar cortex and the fastigial nucleus

56
Q

Where do the purkinje fibers of the archicerebellum send axons to

A

to the fastigial nucleus and some into the brainstem

57
Q

What is the efferent output of the archicerebellum by

A

neurons of the fastigial nucleus

–these efferent fibers traverse cerebellar peduncle and terminate in the vestibular nuclear complex in the brainstem

58
Q

What is the archicerebellum involved in

A
  • adjustment of muscle tone in response to vestibular data

- maintenance of equilibrium and eye position in response to head movement

59
Q

What does the paleocerebellum correspond to anatomically

A

most of the vermis and the paravermis

60
Q

Where does the paleocerebellum receive input from

A
  • dorsal and ventral spinocerebellar tracts
  • cuneocerebellar tract
  • olivocerebellar tract
  • others
61
Q

Which side of the paleocerebellum receive sensory input from

A

ipsilateral side of the body

62
Q

Where do the purkinje cells of the paleocerebellum project axons

A

to the fastigial nucleus and the globose and emboliform nuclei

63
Q

How do the fibers of the festigial nucleus travel

A

traverse the ICP, terminate in and influence the output of the vestibular nuclear complex

  • -vestibulospinal tract
  • -MLF
64
Q

How do the fibers of the globose and emboliform nuclei travel

A

traverse the superior cerebellar peduncle and terminate

–on UMN’s in the reticular formation and influence output of motor pathways

65
Q

What does the reticulobulbar tract influence

A

LMN’s of cranial nerves

66
Q

Where does the ventral/anterior reticulospinal tract originate

A

from UMN’s in pontine reticular formation areas

67
Q

Where does the lateral reticulospinal tract originate

A

from the UMN’s in medullary reticular formation

68
Q

What are the 4 pairs of the central nuclei in the medullary center

A

fastigial nucleus
globose nucleus
Emboliform nucleus
dentate nucleus

69
Q

What are the 2 sources of input to the central nuclei

A

most is from purkinje cells of the cerebellar cortex

some from sources outside the cerebellum

70
Q

How do the axons of the central nuclei project out of the cerebellum

A

via the inferior and superior cerebellar peduncles

71
Q

What do the axons of the central nuclei provide

A

THE final efferent output of the entire cerebellum

Neuroanatomy Exam II (11 decks)

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