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Neurosciences > Cerebellum > Flashcards

Cerebellum Flashcards

1
Q

The cerebellum is derived from the ________ of the rhombencephalon.

A

Alar plates or rhombic lips

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2
Q

More specifically, cerebellum is derived from the _________ of the rhombencephalon.

A

Metencephalon

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3
Q

Where does the cerebellum spans embryologically?

A

It spans between the pontine flexure and the rhombencephalic isthmus.

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4
Q

Where is cerebellum located?

A

Posterior cranial fossa, below the tentorium cerebelli

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5
Q

The Superior Cerebellar peduncle connects the _________ to the cerebellum.

A

Midbrain

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6
Q

The Middle Cerebellar peduncle connects the _________ to the cerebellum.

A

Pons

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7
Q

The Inferior Cerebellar peduncle connects the _________ to the cerebellum.

A

Medulla

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8
Q

How many lobes are there in cerebellum?

A

Anterior lobe
Posterior or Middle lobe
Flocculonodular lobe

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9
Q

The anterior and middle lobes are separated by ____________?

A

Primary fissure

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10
Q

The middle and flocculonodular lobes are separated by ____________?

A

Uvulonodular fissure

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11
Q

What does a deep horizontal fissure separates?

A

The superior and inferior surfaces of the cerebellum

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12
Q

The gray matter is divided into 3 layers which are?

A

Molecular or External layer; Purkinje or Middle layer; Granular or Internal layer, followed by white matter

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13
Q

What type of cells are found in the molecular layer?

A

Outer stellate cells
Inner basket cells
Neuroglial cells

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14
Q

What is the arrangement of cells in the molecular layer?

A

The cells are scattered in the numerous dentrites and axons of the granular cells that run parallel to long axis of folia

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15
Q

What neurons are found in purkinje layer?

A

Golgi type 1 neuron that are flask shaped and are arranged in a single layer.

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16
Q

The dendrites of the purkinje cells synapse with __________ and _____________.

A

Axons of the granular cells in the molecular layer

Axons of the climbing fibers in the molecular layer

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17
Q

The dendrites of the purkinje cells branch profusely and the subsequent branches of the dendrites are covered by _____________?

A

thick dendritic spines

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18
Q

The axons of the purkinje cells synapse with?

A

Cells in the intracerebellar nuclei
Cells in the vestibular nuclei
Colateral branches that synapse with stellate or basket cells in the molecular layer

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19
Q

What type of cells are there in the granular layer?

A
  • Small cells with densely stained nuclei and scanty (small amount) of cytoplasm called granular cells
  • Golgi Cells
  • Neuroglia
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20
Q

The granular cells have (number) __________ dendrites that receive input from (mossy fibers/climbing fibers) ____________?

A

4-5 dendrites

Mossy fibers

21
Q

The axons of the ____________ pass into the molecular layer and divide into T junction, they are called ___________?

A

granule cells

parallel fibers

22
Q

The dendrites of the granular cells also receive input from _________ cells that are present in the granular layer.

A

Golgi cells

23
Q

The dendrites of the golgi cells ramify in the _____________ layer?

A

Molecular layer

24
Q

How many functional areas are there of cerebellum?

A

Vermis
Intermediate Zone
Lateral zone

25
Q

What is vermis concerned with?

A

Movements of long axis of the body (neck, shoulders, thorax, abdomen and hips

26
Q

What is the intermediate zone concerned with?

A

It controls the muscles of the distal parts of the limbs (hands and feet)

27
Q

What is the lateral zone concerned with?

A

Planning of sequential movements of the entire body Conscious assessment of movement errors

28
Q

How many intracerebellar nuclei are there?

A

Four. Dentate; Emboliform; Globose; Fastigial

29
Q

What does the dentate nucleus look like?

A

It looks like a crumpled bag and is the largest nucleus

30
Q

From where do the efferent nerve fibers of the dentate nucleus leave?

A

Superior Cerebellar Peduncle

31
Q

What is the interposed nuclei made of?

A 
Emboliform nucleus (medial to dentate nucleus)
Globose nucleus (medial to emboliform nucleus)
32
Q

The fastigial nucleus is situated in the (vermis/ intermediate zone/ lateral zone) _________?

A

Vermis (near the midline) (close to the roof of fourth ventricle)

33
Q

The fastigial nucleus is larger than ________ nucleus.

A

Globose nucleus

34
Q

The axons of the nuclei leave the cerebellum through ____________?

A

Superior and Inferior cerebellar peduncles

35
Q

What type of neurons do the intracerebellar nuclei have?

A

Large multipolar neurons with simple branched dendrites

36
Q

The white matter of the cerebellum looks like a tree so it is called _________?

A

Arbor vitae

37
Q

Vermis has (small/large) ________ amount of white matter while the cerebellar hemispheres have (small/large) _________ amount.

A

Small amount in the vermis

Large amount in the cerebellar hemispheres

38
Q

How many type of fibers are there in the white matter of the cerebellum?

A

Three. Intrinsic; Afferent; Efferent

39
Q

The afferent fibers of the cerebellum enter it through the __________ and ____________ peduncles.

A

Middle and Inferior peduncles

40
Q

What are the efferent fibers of the cerebellum?

A

Axons of the purkinje cells that may synapse on the deep nuclei, some fibers bypass the nuclei; they belong to the flocculonodular lobe and parts of vermis.

41
Q

Fibers from Dentate, Emboliform, and Globose nuclei leave the cerebellum through __________ peduncle.

A

Superior Cerebellar peduncle

42
Q

Fibers from the fastigial nuclei leave the cerebellum through the _________ peduncle.

A

Inferior Cerebellar peduncle

43
Q

What is the function of folia in cerebellum?

A

They increase the surface area

44
Q

Where do the mossy fibers arrise from?

A

Vestibular nuclei, pontine nuclei, etc

45
Q

Where do the climbing fibers arrise from?

A

Inferior olivary nucleus

46
Q

Where do the climbing fibers synapse?

A

They synapse with the dendrites of the purkinje cells in the molecular layer. One climbing fiber synapse with 1-10 purkinje cells while one purkinje cell synapse with one climbing fibers

47
Q

Where do the mossy fibers synapse?

A

They may synapse at the intracerebellar nuclei or with the granular cells in the granular layer

48
Q

What type of effect does the purkinje cells have on the nucleus?

A

Purkinjie cells sends axons to the deep nuclei but unlike mossy fibers, they have an inhibitory effect

Neurosciences (13 decks)

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