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NE2 > Cerebellum > Flashcards

Cerebellum Flashcards

1
Q

What tracts does the cerebellum communicate with?

A

Cerebellum influences the indirect motor tracts.

Tectospinal
Vestibulospinal
Medial and lateral corticospinal
Medial and lateral reticulospinal
Rubrospinal
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2
Q

Cerebellum function

A

Movement coordination, posture, motor learning and procedural memory

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3
Q

What are the layers of the cerebellum?

A

Molecular layer, next to pia
Purkinje layer
Granular layer
White matter

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4
Q

Which cells in the grey matter are inhibitory? What is their NT?

A

Purkinje (inhibit cerebellar and vestibular nuclei)
Golgi
Basket (inhibit purkinje cells)

GABA

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5
Q

Which cell is the only excitatory neuron and its NT?

A

Granule cells

NT=glutamate

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6
Q

What are the 2 excitatory, afferent fibers?

A

Mossy fiber (excites granule cells and deep cerebellar nuclei)

Climbing fibers (synapse w/ Purkinje; excites deep cerebellar nuclei too)

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7
Q

What are the 4 cerebellar nuclei called?

A

Dentate
Emboliform
Globose
Fastigial

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8
Q

Where does the climbing fibers come from, what do they do?

A

Originate from inferior olive.

Convey movement errors to cerebellum, so help w/ precise movements.

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9
Q

Where do the mossy fibers come from? What do they synapse with and what do they convey?

A

NOT OLIVE. From the spinal cord, reticular formation, vestibular system and pontine nuclei. Synapse w/ granulocytes. Convey somatosensory, arousal, equilibrium and cerebral cortex motor info to cerebellum.

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10
Q

What are the 3 functional divisions of the cerebellum?

A

Vestibulocerebellum
Sponicerebellum
Cerebrocerebellum

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11
Q

Who does the vestibulocerebellum communicate with? Fx?

A

Receives info from vestibular receptors, sends output to vestibular nuclei to influence eye movements and postural muscles of head and body

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12
Q

Describe a vestibulocerebellum lesion

A

Lesion in the connections between the vestibular system and the flocconodular lobe

Nystagmus, truncal ataxia, and truncal instability (titubation), can’t tandem walk

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13
Q

Who does the spinocerebellum/paleocerebellum communicate with? Fx?

A

Receives somatosensory, visual, auditory, and vestibular info and sends output to medial and lateral UMN. Fx to control ongoing movement via the brainstem descending tracts. Axial and lower extremity movements, gait, station.

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14
Q

Describe a spinocerebellum lesion

A

Lesion btween the connections between the incoming cutaneous/proprio info from spinal cord to vermis and paravermis regions.

Gait and truncal ataxia, wide staggering base

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15
Q

Who does the pontocerebellum/cerebrocerebellum communicate with? Fx?

A

Receives info from cerebral cortex (premotor, sensorimotor) via the pontine nuclei and sends output to motor and premotor cortex.

Fx in coordination of voluntary movements, planning, timing. Mainly upper extremity.

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16
Q

Lesions of cerebrocerebellum sx

A

Dysarthria, ataxic gait, decomposed movements, dysdiadochokinesia, dysmetria, action tremor. Perhaps appendicular ataxia.

17
Q

Big picture cerebrocerebellum

A

Afferents -> cerebrocerebellum -> dentate nucleus and globose and emboliform nuclei -> red nucleus and thalamus

18
Q

Big picture spinocerebellum

A

Afferents -> spinocerebellum -> globose, emboliform nuclei and fastigial nucleus ->red nucleus and thalamus and reticular formation

19
Q

Big picture vestibulocerebellum

A

Afferents -> vestibulocerebellum -> fastigial nucleus -> reticular formation and (bypassing deep cerebellar nuclei) vestibular nucleus

20
Q

What symptom is common in all cerebellar lesions. Is this in afferent or efferent lesions?

A

Ataxia, either w/ afferents or efferents. Voluntary, normal strength, jerky and inaccurate movements are not associated with hyperstiffness. Wide gait with gaurding. Pt will fall towards side of lesion.

21
Q

what side do cerebellar lesions affect the body?

A

Unilateral lesions affect the ipsilateral side

22
Q

When will you get midline ataxia?

A

Caused by vestibulocerebellar and spinocerebellar disease.

23
Q

What characterizes truncal instability?

A

Titubation: tremor of trunk at 3-4 Hz

Gait ataxia: wide-based, irregular steps w/ lateral veering ( especially if only 1 side of the cerebellum is affected)

24
Q

What characterizes equilibratory (gait) ataxias

A

Wide based, irregular steps w/ lateral veering

25
Q

What does limb ataxia manifest as?

A

Dysdiadochokinesia: cant rapidly alternate movements
Dysmetri: cant move intended distance
Action tremor: tremor at end of action

26
Q

When will you get appendicular ataxia?

A

If you have a dysfx of the cerebellar hemispheres you get ataxia of the extremities.
Hypotonia, decomposed movements, dysmetria, and dysdiadochokinesia.

27
Q

What is cerebellar ataxia

A

Positive rombergs, can’t stand with feet together w/ or w/o eyes open, NORMAL vibratory sense, proprio, and ankle reflexes. NORMAL because we don’t have an issue with the dorsal columns.

28
Q

What is sensory ataxia

A

Can stand with feet together w/ eyes open, but not when closed. ABNORMAL vibratory sense, proprio, and ankle reflexes.

29
Q

What will you test for if looking for a vestibulocerebellum or spinocerebellum lesion

A

Station and posture, walking, tandem gait

30
Q

What will you test for if looking for a cerebrocerebellum lesion

A

Rapid alt movements, finger nose, toe finger, heel shin, rebound and check, speech, ataxia.e midl

31
Q

What runs in the superior cerebellar peduncle

A

Efferent route from globose, emboliform, and dentate

Afferent from anterior spinocerebellar tract run here too.

32
Q

What runs in the middle cerebellar peduncle

A

Afferent fibers from pontine nuclei relayed to cortex

33
Q

What runs in the inferior cerebellar peduncle

A

Afferent pathways from spinal cord

NE2 (12 decks)

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