cerebellum

Question 1

what is the function of the cerebellum?

Answer 1

• motor control

- active in coordination, precision and timing of movements

Question 2

during embryonic development, what does the anterior portion of the neural tube form?

Answer 2

3 parts:

• forebrain (prosencephalon)
• midbrain (mesencephalon)
• hindbrain (rhombencephalon)

Question 3

what does the hindbrain then divide into?

Answer 3

• metencephalon (superior)
• myelencephalon (inferior)
• cerebellum develops from metencephalon

Question 4

what separates the cerebellum from the pons?

Answer 4

4th ventricle

Question 5

what connects the cerebellum 2 hemispheres?

Answer 5

the vermis

Question 6

what is the grey matter of the cerebellum?

Answer 6

located on surface of cerebellum

tightly folded, forming cerebellar cortex

Question 7

what is the white matter of the cerebellum?

Answer 7

• located underneath cerebellar cortex

- embedded in white matter are 4 cerebellar nuclei

Question 8

what are the 3 ways that the cerebellum can be subdivided?

Answer 8

• anatomical lobes
• zones
• functional divisions

Question 9

what are the 3 anatomical lobes?

Answer 9

• anterior lobe
• posterior lobe
• flocculonodular lobe

Question 10

what are these lobes divided by?

Answer 10

2 fissures

• primary fissure
• posterolateral fissure

Question 11

what are the three cerebellar zones?

Answer 11

• midline of cerebellum is vermis
• either side of vermis = intermediate zone
• lateral to intermediate zone are lateral hemispheres

Question 12

what are the 3 functional areas of cerebellum?

Answer 12

• cerebrocerebellum
• spinocerebellum
• vestibulocerebellum

Question 13

where is the cerebrocerebellum? what is its function?

Answer 13

• largest division
• formed by lateral hemispheres
• involved in planning movements and motor learning
• regulates coordination of muscle activation
• important in visually guided movements

Question 14

what does the cerebrocerebellum receive input from?

Answer 14

from cerebral cortex and pontine nuclei

Question 15

where does the cerebrocerebellum sends outputs to?

Answer 15

thalamus and red nucleus

Question 16

what is the spinocerebellum comprised of?

Answer 16

vermis and intermediate zone of cerebellar hemispheres

Question 17

what is the spinocerebellum involved in?

Answer 17

• regulating body movements by allowing for error correction

- receives proprioceptive info

Question 18

what is the vestibulocerebellum?

Answer 18

functional equivalent to the flocculonodular lobe

Question 19

what is the function of the vestibulocerebellum?

Answer 19

• controlling balance and ocular reflexes (mainly fixation of target)
• receives inputs from vestibular system
• sends outputs back to vestibular nuclei

Question 20

what does the cerebellum receive its blood supply from?

Answer 20

• superior cerebellar artery (SCA)
• anterior inferior cerebellar artery (AICA)
• posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA)

Question 21

what are the SCA and AICA branches of?

Answer 21

basilar artery

Question 22

what is the PICA a branch of?

Answer 22

vertebral artery

Question 23

what is the venous drainage of the cerebellum?

Answer 23

by superior and inferior cerebellar veins

Question 24

what are the manifestations of cerebellar dysfunction?

Answer 24

DANISH
Dysdiadochokinesia (difficulty in carrying out rapid, alternating movements)
Ataxia
Nystagmus
Intention tremor
Scanning speech
Hypotonia

Question 25

what does damage to the vestibulocerebellum manifest with?

Answer 25

loss of balance
abnormal gait
wide stance