cerebellum Flashcards
what is the function of the cerebellum?
- motor control
- active in coordination, precision and timing of movements
during embryonic development, what does the anterior portion of the neural tube form?
3 parts:
- forebrain (prosencephalon)
- midbrain (mesencephalon)
- hindbrain (rhombencephalon)
what does the hindbrain then divide into?
- metencephalon (superior)
- myelencephalon (inferior)
- cerebellum develops from metencephalon
what separates the cerebellum from the pons?
4th ventricle
what connects the cerebellum 2 hemispheres?
the vermis
what is the grey matter of the cerebellum?
located on surface of cerebellum
tightly folded, forming cerebellar cortex
what is the white matter of the cerebellum?
- located underneath cerebellar cortex
- embedded in white matter are 4 cerebellar nuclei
what are the 3 ways that the cerebellum can be subdivided?
- anatomical lobes
- zones
- functional divisions
what are the 3 anatomical lobes?
- anterior lobe
- posterior lobe
- flocculonodular lobe
what are these lobes divided by?
2 fissures
- primary fissure
- posterolateral fissure
what are the three cerebellar zones?
- midline of cerebellum is vermis
- either side of vermis = intermediate zone
- lateral to intermediate zone are lateral hemispheres
what are the 3 functional areas of cerebellum?
- cerebrocerebellum
- spinocerebellum
- vestibulocerebellum
where is the cerebrocerebellum? what is its function?
- largest division
- formed by lateral hemispheres
- involved in planning movements and motor learning
- regulates coordination of muscle activation
- important in visually guided movements
what does the cerebrocerebellum receive input from?
from cerebral cortex and pontine nuclei
where does the cerebrocerebellum sends outputs to?
thalamus and red nucleus
what is the spinocerebellum comprised of?
vermis and intermediate zone of cerebellar hemispheres
what is the spinocerebellum involved in?
- regulating body movements by allowing for error correction
- receives proprioceptive info
what is the vestibulocerebellum?
functional equivalent to the flocculonodular lobe
what is the function of the vestibulocerebellum?
- controlling balance and ocular reflexes (mainly fixation of target)
- receives inputs from vestibular system
- sends outputs back to vestibular nuclei
what does the cerebellum receive its blood supply from?
- superior cerebellar artery (SCA)
- anterior inferior cerebellar artery (AICA)
- posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA)
what are the SCA and AICA branches of?
basilar artery
what is the PICA a branch of?
vertebral artery
what is the venous drainage of the cerebellum?
by superior and inferior cerebellar veins
what are the manifestations of cerebellar dysfunction?
DANISH Dysdiadochokinesia (difficulty in carrying out rapid, alternating movements) Ataxia Nystagmus Intention tremor Scanning speech Hypotonia
what does damage to the vestibulocerebellum manifest with?
loss of balance
abnormal gait
wide stance
