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Cerebellum Flashcards

1
Q

What is the Cerebellum a derivative from?

A

metencephalon derivative

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2
Q

The cerebellum integrates very rapidly a host of sensory input information on the momentary status of what 3 things?

A

Muscle contraction
joint tension
visual and auditory input on equilibrium

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3
Q

The integration allows the cerebellum to aid and influence what 3 things?

A

muscle tone
posture
somatic muscle coordination

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4
Q

The cerebellum receives input fibers from what 6 things?

A 
spinal cord, 
M.O.,
pons, 
midbrain, 
diencephalon, and 
telencephalon
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5
Q

Is input to the cerebellum conscious or subconscious?

A

subconscious

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6
Q

Each cerebellar hemisphere influences what side of the body?

A

ipsilateral (same side)

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7
Q

Is output from the cerebellum direct or indirect?

A

indirect

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8
Q

Where is the Cerebellum in relationship to the 4th Ventricle?

A

posterior to it

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9
Q

Where is the Cerebellum in relationship to the Falx Cerebelli?

A

Inferior to it

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10
Q

Where is the Cerebellum in relationship to the Tentoria Cerebelli?

A

inferior to it

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11
Q

Where is the Cerebellum in relationship to the Pons?

A

posterior to it

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12
Q

Where is the Cerebellum in relationship to the M.O.?

A

superior to it

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13
Q

The cerebellum is attached to the M.O. via the….

A

inferior cerebellar peduncle (retiform bodies)

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14
Q

The cerebellum is attached to the Pons via the…

A

middle cerebellar peduncle

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15
Q

The cerebellum is attached to the midbrain via the..

A

superior cerebellar peduncle

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16
Q

What is the fiber distribution for the Inferior Cerebellar Peduncle (aka Restiform Body)?

A

Afferents (ascending) fibers DOMINATE, but Efferents (descending) fibers are present

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17
Q

What is the fiber distribution for the Middle Cerebellar Penduncle?

A

Afferent (ascending) fibers only

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18
Q

What is the fiber distribution for the Superior Cerebellar Peduncle?

A

Efferents (descending) fibers DOMINATE, but afferent fibers are present

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19
Q

Approximately 20% of all childhood brain tumors are ______.

A

medulloblastomas

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20
Q

What are the External Subdivisions of the Cerebellum?
A.) Median = ?
B.) Lateral = ?

A 
Median = vermis
Lateral = hemisphere (rt/lt)
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21
Q

What are the 3 divisions of the cerebellum?

A
  1. ) Vestibulocerebellum
  2. ) Spinocerebellum
  3. ) Cerebrocerebellum
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22
Q

What is the synonym for the Vestibulocerebellum division?

A

Archicerebellum

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23
Q

What is the synonym for the Spinocerebellum division?

A

Paleocerebellum

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24
Q

What is the synonym for the Cerebrocerebellum division?

A

Neocerebellum

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25
Q

What is the lobe of the Vestibulocerebellum division?

A

Flocculonodular

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26
Q

What is the lobe of the Spinocerebellum division?

A

Anterior, vermis, and medial posterior

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27
Q

What is the lobe of the Cerebrocerebellum division?

A

Lateral posterior

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28
Q

What is the input of the Vestibulocerebellum division?

A

Vestibular nucleus

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29
Q

What is the input of the Spinocerebellum division?

A

Spinocerebellar and cuneocerebellar

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30
Q

What is the input of the Cerebrocerebellum division?

A

Cortico-pontocerebellar

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31
Q

What are the 3 functions of the Vestibulocerebellum division?

A
  1. ) Posture,
  2. ) equilibrium, and
  3. ) balance
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32
Q

What are the 2 functions of the Spinocerebellum division?

A
  1. ) Muscle tone,

2. ) trunk and limb movement

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33
Q

What is the function of the Cerebrocerebellum division?

A

Planning and coordination of skilled movement

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34
Q

Where is gray matter found in the cerebellum?

A

outer gray matter CORTEX and small island of gray matter

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35
Q

Where is white matter found in the cerebellum?

A

mass of internal white matter an

36
Q

What is the White matter of the internal cerebellum called?

A

corpus medullare

37
Q

the white matter is naturally continuous with the how many cerebellar peduncles?

A

6 cerebellar peduncles (3 pairs)

38
Q

What are the 4 fibers types that make up the white matter of the internal cerebellum?

A
  1. ) afferent projection fibers
  2. ) efferent projection fibers
  3. ) commisural fibers
  4. ) association fibers
39
Q

What is the extension of white matter that looks like a branching tree moving toward the cerebellum cortex?

A

Arbor Vitae

40
Q

What is the name of the 4 pairs of nuclei (small islands of gray matter) found isolated in the white matter of the cerebellum?

A

Deep Cerebellar Nuclei

41
Q

Why is the external cerebellum convoluted?

A

to increase surface area

42
Q

What are the shallow grooves on the external cerebellum?

A

sulci

43
Q

What are the deep grooves on the external cerebellum?

A

folia (not gyrus)

44
Q

The ___ cortex is fairly uniform as to depth and cytoarchitecture.

A

gray

45
Q

What are the 5 most common neuron cell types of the cerebellum?

A
  1. ) Purkinje neurons
  2. ) Golgi 2 neurons
  3. ) Stellate neurons
  4. ) Basket neurons
  5. ) Granular neurons
46
Q

What are the only fibers to take messages away from the cerebellar cortex?

A

Purkinje fibers

47
Q

What are the 2 types of outside axons that bring input to cerebellar cortical laminae?

A
  1. ) Mossy fibers

2. ) Climbing fibers

48
Q

What are the 3 laminae layers of the cerebellar cortex?

a. ) Outer = ?
b. ) Middle = ?
c. ) Inner = ?

A 
Outer = Molecular layer
Middle = Purkinje cell body layer
Inner = Granular layer
49
Q

What neuron cell types are found in the Outer-Molecular layer of the cerebellar cortex?

A

stellate cells

50
Q

What neuron cell types are found in the Middle-Purkinje layer of the cerebellar cortex?

A

Purkinje cells, Basket cells, and Golgi 2 cells

51
Q

What neuron cell types are found in the Innerr-Granular layer of the cerebellar cortex?

A

Mossy fiber rosette and Granule cells

52
Q

What is the shape of cell bodies in the Purkinje cell layer (lamina).

A

large and flask shaped

53
Q

A single cell’s dendrites in the Purkinje cell layer (lamina) can have how many branches?

A

150,000+ branches

54
Q

Where do Purkinje fibers terminate?

A

deep central cerebellar nuclei, but some bypass to end in vestibular nucleus.

55
Q

What is the neurotransmitter released from Purkinje fibers?

A

GABA

56
Q

Are Purkinje neurotransmitters excitatory or inhibitory at target sites?

A

INHIBITORY

57
Q

What is the innermost cortical lamina?

A

the granular layer

58
Q

Granular cell dendrites are stimulated by incoming ___ fibers.

A

mossy

59
Q

The axons from each ___ cell ascends into the molecular layer where it bifurcates and makes synapse with ___ branches of the Purkinje cell dentrites.

A

granular

spined.

60
Q

What is the neurotransmitter from the granular neuron?

A

glutamate

61
Q

What is the brain’s most abundant neurochemical?

A

glutamate

62
Q

What are the 2 fiber types that reach the cerebellar cortex?

A
  1. ) Mossy Fibers

2. ) Climbing Fibers

63
Q

Where do mossy fibers terminate?

A

in the roset

64
Q

Mossy fibers originate from ____ and _____ sources.

A

spinocerebellar and corticoponteocerebellar

65
Q

Mossy fibers are excitatory and synapse with….

A

granular cell dendrites

66
Q

Purkinje cell axons inhibit what nuclei?

A

deep central cerebellar nuclei

67
Q

Climbing fibers are extremely ____.

A

excitatory

68
Q

Climbing fibers reach the Purkinje cells ____ dendritic branches directly.

A

smooth

69
Q

Where do Climbing fibers originate?

A

inferior olivary nucleus

70
Q

What neurotransmitter is involved with climbing fibers?

A

aspartate

71
Q

Is the neurotransmitter Aspartate excitatory or inhibitory?

A

excitatory

72
Q

What are the names of the 4 Deep Cerebellar Nuclei?

A
  1. ) Dentate
  2. ) Emboliform
  3. ) Globose
  4. ) Fastigial
73
Q

Which of the Deep cerebellar nuclei are referred to as the Interposed nuclei?

A

emboliform and globose

74
Q

What is the largest and most lateral Deep Cerebellar Nuclei?

A

Dentate

75
Q

What is the most primitive and medial Deep Cerebellar Nucleus?

A

Fastigial

76
Q

If it ends in -ate, its excitatory or inhibitory?

A

inhibitory

77
Q

What fibers synapse with the neurons of the Deep Central Nuclei?

A

Purkinje axons

78
Q

Where do Purkinje fibers from the Vestibulocerebellum cortex synapse?

A

vestibular nucleus

79
Q

Where do Purkinje fibers from the Spinocerebellum cortex synapse?

A

Interposed nucleus and Fastigial nucleus

80
Q

Where do Purkinje fibers from the Cerebrocerebellum cortex synapse?

A

the dentate nucleus

81
Q

How do Fastigial Nucleus fibers exit the Deep Central Nuclei?

A

via the inferior cerebellar peduncles

82
Q

Where do Fastigial Nucleus fibers terminate?

A

PRIMARILY THE VESTIBULAR NUCLEUS, but can can go to reticular formation and nuclei for cranial nerves 3, 4, and 6

83
Q

How do Interposed Nucleus fibers exit the Deep Central Nuclei?

A

via the superior cerebellar peduncles

84
Q

Where do Interposed nucleus fibers terminate?

A

The Red nucleus and reticular formation

85
Q

How do Dentate fibers exit the Deep Central Nuclei?

A

via the superior cerebellar peduncles

86
Q

Where do Dentate fibers terminate?

A

generally in the Thalamus, but some collateral branches are sent to the red nucleus

87
Q

What is the only afferent pathway to go through the superior peduncle?

A

anterior cerebellar tract

CNS (4 decks)

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