cerebellum

Question 0

important fissures

Answer 0

primary fissure

posterolateral fissure

Question 1

cerebellum functions

Answer 1

regulates equilibrium
controls muscle tone and posture
provides motor coordination for voluntary movements
- in the near future (plans motor actions in space and time)
- during execution (adjusts the output of the motor cortex and several motor nuclei)

Question 2

primary fissure

Answer 2

divides the body of the cerebellum into anterior and posterior lobes

Question 3

posterolateral fissure

Answer 3

separates flocculonodular lobe from body of cerebellum

Question 4

midline of cerebellum

Answer 4

vermis

Question 5

hemispheres

Answer 5

medial- adjacent to vermis

lateral - adjacent to medial hem.

Question 6

three cerebellar peduncles

Answer 6

attach cerebellum to brainstem

inferior, middle, superior

Question 7

inferior cerebellar peduncle (restiform body)

Answer 7

inputs from spinal cord and brainstem; monitors muscle and limb movement
-juxtarestiform body: interconnects vestibular nuclei and cerebellum

Question 8

middle cerebellar peduncle (brachium pontis)

Answer 8

largest, lateral to pons, afferents from contralateral basis pontis; relays motor signals from cortex

Question 9

superior cerebellar peduncle (brachium conjunctivum)

Answer 9

efferent to red nucleus and thalamus

Question 10

cerebellar deep nuclei

Answer 10

Dentate- contributes most fibers in SCP
Interposed - emboliform and globose
Fastigal

Question 11

Cerebellar Circuitry: overview

Answer 11

• inputs arrive via ICP, MCP(mostly) and project to cortex
• cortex does its thing
• cortex sends info to deep nuclei
• deep nuclei send projections (mostly SCP) to other parts of brain

Question 12

describe the structure of the cerebellar cortex

Answer 12

• uniform throughout
• three layers
  1. molecular layer at top- contains purkinje cell dendrites, granule neuron axons
  2. purkinje cell layer- only axons to leave cortex
  3. granule layer

Question 13

three fibers

Answer 13

climbing fiber
mossy fiber
parallel fiber

Question 14

climbing fiber

Answer 14

axon from contralateral inferior olivary nucleus

- major cortical input

Question 15

mossy fiber

Answer 15

input from brainstem (pons), vestibular system, spinal cord (sensory)
-major cortical input

Question 16

parallel fiber

Answer 16

axon from granule neuron/cell

Question 17

climbing fibers come from the

Answer 17

inferior olivary nuclei

Question 18

climbing fibers ________ _________, ascend ________ _______ enter cerebellum

Answer 18

emerge medially, contralateral ICP

Question 19

Climbing fibers divide into __________, synapse as ?

Answer 19

5 to 10 branches, synapse as the only climbing fiber on a purkinje cell

Question 20

climbing fibers regulate

Answer 20

purkinje cell firing

Question 21

inferior olivary nucleus gets info from

Answer 21

spinal cord, red nucleus, cerebral cortex

Question 22

mossy and climbing fibers send collaterals to

Answer 22

deep nuclei before axon enters cortex

Question 23

purkinje cell axons end in

Answer 23

deep nuclei

Question 24

deep nuclei have 2 neuronal populations

Answer 24

- source of mossy fibers into cortex | - projection neurons whose axons leave cerebellum

Question 25

middle cerebellar peduncle brings

Answer 25

motor signals from cerebral cortex into the cerebellum

Question 26

the deep nuclei are the predominant means for

Answer 26

information resulting from cerebellar cortical processing to leave the cerebellum

Question 27

each cerebellar zone is related to a

Answer 27

particular deep nucleus

Question 28

vestibulocerebellum

Answer 28

flocculonodular lobe vermis(parts) fastigial nucleus

Question 29

spinocerebellum

Answer 29

paravermal (medial hemisphere) area | interposed nucleus

Question 30

pontocerebellum (neocerebellum)

Answer 30

lateral hemisphere | projects to dentate nucleus

Question 31

vestibulocerebellum input

Answer 31

- vestibular end organ | - vestibular nuclei

Question 32

vestibulocerebellum cerebellar location

Answer 32

- flocculonodular lobe | - vermis (part of)

Question 33

vestibulocerebellum output

Answer 33

fastigial nucleus | -vestibular nuclei

Question 34

vestibulocerebellum function

Answer 34

- control of eye movements in response to head movements | - balance

Question 35

spinocerebellum input

Answer 35

- spinal cord (spinocerebellar tracts) | - brainstem (trigeminal afferents)

Question 36

spinocerebellum cerebellar location

Answer 36

- paravermal area | - vermis (part of)

Question 37

spinocerebellum output

Answer 37

interposed nucleus - red nucleus (magnocellular portion) - rubrospinal and reticulospinal pathways - VA/VL of thalamus - limb area of primary motor cortex

Question 38

spinocerebellum function

Answer 38

coordination of trunk and limb movements

Question 39

pontocerebellum input

Answer 39

motor cortex- basilar pons- middle cerebellar peduncle

Question 40

pontocerebellum cerebellar location

Answer 40

lateral cerebellar hemisphere

Question 41

pontocerebellum output

Answer 41

dentate nucleus - red nucleus (parvocellular portion) - inferior olivary nucleus - VA/VL of thalamus - all motor cortex and parietal lobe

Question 42

pontocerebellum function

Answer 42

- planning the timing of movements especially those of the upper extremity - coordination of speech

Question 43

functions of lateral hemispheres

Answer 43

planning learned, skillful movements, those that become more precise and rapid with practice

Question 44

injury to lateral hemisphere

Answer 44

involvement of arm and speech - intention tremor - dysdiadochokinesia- rapid alternating movements - dysmetria- finger to nose test - dysarthria- scanning or explosive speech

Question 45

functions of medial hemispheres

Answer 45

adjusting limb movements

Question 46

functions of vermis

Answer 46

postural adjustments

Question 47

injury to vermis

Answer 47

truncal ataxia, disturbances in balance while seated, also standing and gait ataxia

Question 48

functions of flocculus and vermis

Answer 48

eye movements | injury: nystagmus, back and forth eye movements

Question 49

cerebellum is involved in

Answer 49

motor learning and cognition

Question 50

principal inputs to cerebellar cortex

Answer 50

projections - vermis: fastigal - Medial hemisphere: interposed - Lateral hemisphere: dentate

Question 51

principal output from cerebellar nuclei

Answer 51

superior cerebellar peduncle

Question 52

one side of cerebellums affects

Answer 52

ipsilateral side of body

Question 53

one cerebral hemisphere controls

Answer 53

contralateral muscles

Question 54

one half of cerebellum influences

Answer 54

ipsilateral limbs

Question 55

cerebellum projects to

Answer 55

contralateral thalamus