Cerebellum

Question 1

overall function

Answer 1

1. equilibrium and coordination of eye movements
2. maintain muscle tone and posture
3. coordinate and adjust mid course motor movements
4. plan and program voluntary movements
5. learning of motor movements
   functions at the unconscious level, assists ipsilateral 1/2 of body

Question 2

cerebellar agenesis

Answer 2

dizziness, nausea
delayed standing, walking, talking
dysarthric speech
unsteady gate
positive rhomberg
dysdiadochokinesia
dysmetria

Question 3

interior cerebellar peduncle

Answer 3

restiform body
afferents: spinal cord and inferior olive
some efferents: vestibular nuclei& brainstem RF

Question 4

middle cerebellar peduncle

Answer 4

brachium pontis

afferents: contralateral pontine nuclei

Question 5

superior cerebellar peduncle

Answer 5

brachium conjunctivum

efferent: deep cerebellar nuclei to thalamus and red nucleus
afferent: ventral SCT

Question 6

climbing fibers

Answer 6

afferents from contralateral inferior olivary nucleas
travel by ICP
terminate on purkinje cell
carry training info - what movement should be

Question 7

mossy fibers

Answer 7

all other cerebellar afferents
terminate on granule cells
carry state info - what muscles and environment are doing

Question 8

purkinje neurons

Answer 8

project to and terminate on neurons in the deep cerebellar nuclei (DCN)
all outputs are inhibitory to DCN
dendrites receive up to 100,000 granule cell inputs

Question 9

deep cerebellar nuclei

Answer 9

fastigial, globose, emboliform, dentate nucelei
axons exit via SCP to red nucleus and ventrolateral nucleus of thalamus
also synapse on vestibular nuclei and brainstem RF

Question 10

spinocerebellar tracts

Answer 10

ipsilateral
mid course corrections
unconscious sensations
limb position, joint angles, muscle tension and length
paleocerebellum
vermis & paravermis
fastigial, glovose, emboliform nuclei
vermal and paravermal subdivisions
inputs - ipsilateral SCT: unconscious proprioception
ipsilateral trigeminal system - unconscious proprioception (mesencephalic nucelus
contralateral M-1 via the pontine nuclei in MCP : motor program

Question 11

vestibulocerebellum

Answer 11

equilibrium and eye movements
archicerebellum
flocculonodular lobe and fastigial nucleus
inputs - vestibular ganglion and nuclei
projects to ipsilateral vestibular nuclei
control of axial m. and vestibular reflexes by activation of the vestibulospinal tracts and eye movements through connections with the PPRF

Question 12

vermal portion of spinocerebellum

Answer 12

regulates accuracy of trunk, leg, head, and eye movements - posture, locomotion, gaze
M-1 to vermis to fastigial nucleus to VL to M-1 with effect on corticospinal, vestibulospinal and reticulospinal tracts
(inputs into vestibule and RF as well)
vermis gets spinocerebellar tracts in

Question 13

paravermal portion of spinocerebellum

Answer 13

regulates accuracy of voluntary movements - reaching and grasping movements (limb m. )
M-1 to paravermis to globose and emboliform to VL to M-1
effect on CSt and rubrospinal tract (output to red nucleus too)
input of spinocerebellar tract

Question 14

cerebrocerebellum

Answer 14

programming and planning, motor learning
M-1 and PMC to pontine nucleus and inferior olive, both to lateral hemisphere to dentate nucleus to VL to M-1/PMC
effect on CST and distal limb m.
no inputs from periphery
highly skilled movement of digits and complex motor tasks

Question 15

cerebellar signs

Answer 15

ipsilateral
decomposition of movements
ataxia
dysmetria
dysdiadochokinesia
intention-tremor
slow onset of movement

Question 16

dysmetria

Answer 16

inaccurate range and direction of movement

Question 17

dysdiadochokinesia

Answer 17

difficulty in performing rapid alternation movements

movements are clumsy and irregular in terms of rhythm and amplitude

Question 18

intention-tremor

Answer 18

oscillatory movements during a movement, marked at the end of movement

Question 19

ataxia

Answer 19

inability to coordinate contractions of agonist and antagonist needed for smooth execution of a movement

Question 20

decomposition of a movement

Answer 20

movements usually subconscious have to be thought of and concentrated on throughout each portion of the motor task

Question 21

vestibulocerebellar lesions

Answer 21

disturbances in equilibrium and nystagmus