Cerebellum

Question 1

The cerebellum receives ___________ and ____________ information continulously

Answer 1

motor and sensory

Question 2

3 cerebellar diseases and disorders

Answer 2

1. ataxia (incoordination of movements without paralysis)
2. hypotonia (decreased muscle tone)
3. intention tremors ( loss of muscle synergy)

Question 3

4 main functions of the cerebellum

Answer 3

1. compare actual and intended movements
2. planning sequential movements
3. learning coordinated movements
4. produce a synergy of movements

Question 4

3 lobes of the cerebellum

Answer 4

1. anterior lobe
2. posterior lobe
3. flocculonodular lobe

Question 5

Mossy fibers are axons that make up these 4 structures

Answer 5

1. cortico-ponto-cerebellar tract
2. dorsal/ventral spinocerebellar tract
3. spinocuneocerebellar tract and rostral spinocerebellar tract
4. vestibular nerve

Question 6

Which cerebellar peduncle is mainly an “output pathway”?

Answer 6

Superior cerebellar peduncle

Question 7

What part of the cerebellar peduncle includes input and output pathways?

Answer 7

inferior cerebellar peduncle

Question 8

the middle cerebellar peduncle has mainly what type of axons?

Answer 8

input pathway axons

Question 9

2 types of input fibers

Answer 9

1. mossy fibers

2. climbing fibers

Question 10

cortico-ponto-cerebellar tract begins/ends where, via, function

Answer 10

Begins in the Pons
Ends in the cerebellum via the middle cerebellar peduncle
receives input from cerebrum bring to cerebellum

Question 11

3 layers of cerebellar cortex and cell types

Answer 11

1. Molecular layer ( stellate, basket, parallel fibers, dendrites of Purkinje cells)
2. Purkinje cell layer
3. Granular cell layer (granule, golgi, glomerulus)

Question 12

3 functionally significant regions

Answer 12

1. vestibulocerebellum
2. spinocerebellum
3. cerebrocerebellum

Question 13

Vestibulocerebellum location

Answer 13

Flocculonodolar lobe

Question 14

Vestibulocerebellum input

Answer 14

inner ear and visual systems via the inferior cerebellar peduncle

Question 15

Vestibulocerebellum output

Answer 15

vestibular nuclei via fastigial nucleus through the superior and inferior cerebellar peduncle

Question 16

Vestibulocerebellum functions (3)

Answer 16

1. equilibrium/balance
2. coordinates eye/head movements
3. upright posture

Question 17

Spinocerebellum (intermediate region) location

Answer 17

Vermis

Question 18

Spinocerebellum input

Answer 18

via superior and inferior cerebellar peduncle

Question 19

Spinocerebellum output

Answer 19

reticular formation and contralateral thalamus/ red nucleus

via superior cerebellar peduncle (Globose/emboliform)

Question 20

Spinocerebellum functions (2)

Answer 20

1. modulation/control

2. muscle tone

Question 21

cerebrocerebellum location

Answer 21

lateral cerebellar cortices

Question 22

cerebrocerebellum input

Answer 22

cerebral cortex via middle cerebellar peduncle

Question 23

cerebrocerebellum output

Answer 23

contralateral thalamus

via dentate through superior cerebellar peduncle

Question 24

cerebrocerebellum function

Answer 24

formulation/initiation of movement

Question 25

floppy loose jointed rag doll appearance (appears inebriated)

Answer 25

hypotonia

Question 26

loss of balance (gait and trunk dystaxia)

Answer 26

diseequilibrium

Question 27

loss of coordinatied muscle activity

Answer 27

dyssynergia

Question 28

difficulty speaking, slurred/scanning speech

Answer 28

dysarthria

Question 29

lack of coordination of voluntary movement (appendicular)

Answer 29

dystaxia (ataxia)

Question 30

inability to arrest muscular movement at the desired point

Answer 30

dysmetria

Question 31

intention tremor

Answer 31

occurs during voluntaty movement (type of dysmetria) gets worse as subject approaches target

Question 32

inability to perform rapid alternating movements

Answer 32

dysdiadochokinesia

Question 33

form of dystaxia consisting of to and fro eye movements

Answer 33

nystagmus

Question 34

consists of breaking down a smooth muscle act into a number of jerky awkward component parts

Answer 34

decomposition of movement

Question 35

lack of check, inabilty to adjust to changes in muscle tension

Answer 35

rebound

Question 36

“fatal gastroenteritis”

Answer 36

nausea and vomiting

Question 37

dorsal/ventral spinocerebellar tracts begin/end/via/function

Answer 37

begin in spinal cord (clarkes column)
end in cerebellum via inferior or superior peduncle
bring input from peripheral proprioceptors in trunk/lower extremities

Question 38

spinocuneocerebellar tract and rostral spinocerebellar track begin/end/via/function

Answer 38

begin in cuneate nuclei
end in cerebellum via inferior cerebellar peduncle
OR
begin in cervical spinal cord
end in cerebellum via inferior AND superior cerebellar peduncles
function peripheral proprioreceptors upper trunk/ upper extremities

Question 39

vestibular nerve enters cerebellum via

Answer 39

inferior cerebellar peduncle

Question 40

climbing fibers arise

Answer 40

inferior olivary nucleus

Question 41

climbing fibers function

Answer 41

error correction/timing of motor tasks

Question 42

climbing fibers input

Answer 42

cortex, basal ganglia, red nucleus, other extrapyramidal pathways

Question 43

climbing fibers enter cerebellum via

Answer 43

inferior cerebellar peduncle