Cerebellum Flashcards
Cerebellum is also called what?
Little brain
The layers of the cerebellum. (slide info)
- lots of folds to increasse surface area
- not every cell type is restricted completely to one layer
- some have processes that extend across multiple layers
- permits dispersion of inputs across multiple layers and cell types
Purkinje cells
only cells whose axons project information OUT from the cerebellum
What are the main lobes of the cerebellum?
- anterior (superior)
- flocculondular (middle)
- posterior (most of it)
What are the main structures of the cerebellum? as well the colors associated in the pictue?
- Flocculus (blue)
- Nodule (orange)
- Paravermis (green)
- Vermis (yellow spine)
- Cerebellar Tonsils (pink)
- Cerebellar Peduncles (brown)
- Hemisphere
What are the cerebellar peduncles and where do they go?
- superior (midbrian and pons)
- middle (pons)
- inferior (medulla and pons
What is the dentate nucleus?
connections with thalamus, olive, cortex, sensory and motor pathways
what are the interposed nuclei?
Emboliform and globose nucleus
conenctions with thalamus and red nucleus
what is the fastigial nucleus?
connections with thalamus, spinal cord, vestibular organ
What are the primary “known” functions of the cerebellum?
- Motor planning, motor learning, and motor control
- Control of posture and balance
- Coordination of smooth voluntary movements in terms of:
- accuracy, force, amplitude, speed, direction
- Vision & Vestibular
- Speech
- Mood
- Cognition
What is the main efferent tract that originates form the cerebellum?
vestibulospinal
What is the main efferent tract that is influenced by the cerebellum?
corticospinal
What is the main afferent tract that is ending in the cerebellum?
spinocerebellar
what is the functional areas of the spinocerebellum?
anterior lobe, vermis and paravermis
What is the main functional areas of the vestibulocerebellum?
flocculus and nodule
What is the functional area for the cerebrocerebellum?
most of the posterior lobe
What is the function of the spinocerebellum?
- inputs from spinocerebellar tract, dorsal column medial lemnisus tract, and trigeminal nerve nuclei
- outputs to deep cerebellat nuclei to modulate motor tracts via cortex, thalamus and brainstem (red nucelus, reticular formation, and vestibular nerve nuclei)
Proprioception (sensory)
Proximal limb and trunk coordination (motor)
What is the function of the cerebrocerebellum?
- inputs from the cortex via the pons
- outputs via dentate nucleus to red nucleus of midbrain and ventral lateral nucleus of thalamus
- influences the corticospinal tract
motor planning of extremities
distal limb coordiantion
what are the functions of the vestibulocerebellum?
- inputs from vestibular nerve and superior colliculus
- output to vestibular nuclei in brainstem
- influences vestibulospinal tract
balance and postural control
vestibulo-ocular control
Vascular supply of the cerebellum?
Posterior circulation:
Superior cerebellar artery
Anterior inferior cerebellar artery
Posterior inferior cerebellar artery
what does the superior cerebellar arteries supply?
- supplies spinocerebellum and parts of the cerebrocerebellum
- anterior and superior
What does the anterior inferior cerebellar arteries supply?
- supplies vestibulocerebellum and parts of cerebrocerebellum
- middle
- floccules
Whar does the posterior inferior and cerebellar arteries supply?
- supplies parts of cerebrocerebellum
- posterior inferior part of the cerebellum
What is the etiology of cerebellum disorders?
Vascular (stroke), seizure, infection, inflammation, drugs, alcohol, genetic, tumor, trauma, psychogenic, unknown
