CEREBELLUM Flashcards
primary function of cerebellum
is to detect the difference, or “motor error,” between an intended movement and the actual movement to reduce the error (i.e., if there is a discrepancy, the cerebellum can modify motor signals to correct any errors).
cerebellum influence what
movements and balance primarily by modifying the activity patterns of the upper and lower motor neurons.
3 part of cerebellar hemispheres
cerebrocerebellum
spinocerebellum
vestibullocerebellum
role + location of cerebrocerebellum
Most lateral part of cerebellar hemisphere.
Receives indirect input from many areas of the cerebral cortex.
Planning, coordination and execution of complex spatial and temporal sequences of movement.
Cognitive functions (e.g., timing, attention, sensation monitoring, motor learning).
role + location of spinocerebellum
Vermis (median) and paramedian zone.
Receives direct input from the spinal cord (proprioceptive information).
Monitoring of ongoing movements (i.e., position of the body in space).
Vermis is involved with:
movement of the proximal muscles (trunk muscles).
movement of eyes.
Paramedian zone is involved with:
movement of distal muscles (arm & leg muscles).
role and location of vestibulocerebellum
Caudal-inferior lobe of the cerebellum and includes the nodulus and flocculus (flocculo-nodular lobe).
Receives input from vestibular nuclei in the brainstem.
Involved in the regulation of movements that maintain posture, balance, equilibrium.
what keep the cerebellum attached to the brainstem
cerebellar peduncles
input from sup,mid and inf cerebellar peduncle
Superior Cerebellar Peduncle: mainly efferent pathways (output).
Middle Cerebellar Peduncle: afferent pathways (input)
Inferior Cerebellar Peduncle: multiple pathways (afferent and efferent).
corticopontocerebellar pathway transmit info from
from motor, premotor cortex, somatosensory cortex via the pontine nuclei.
The pathway enters the cerebellum through the middle cerebellar peduncle. Fibers decussate (i.e., cross to the other side).
Projects mostly to the lateral areas: Cerebrocerebellum.
spinocrebellar pathway transmit info where
information from the periphery (e.g. muscles spindle, Golgi tendon organs, joint receptors) via the spinal cord nuclei (Dorsal nucleus of Clarke & External cuneate nucleus). Projects to the spinocerebellum. Informs the cerebellum of the momentary status of muscle contraction, muscle tension, limb position, and motion of the body. The fibers enter the cerebellum through the inferior cerebellar peduncle. Fibers do not decussate (
vestibulocerebellar pathway transmit info where
: transmits information from the vestibular system. Projects to the vestibulocerebellum. The fibers enter the cerebellum through the inferior cerebellar peduncle. Fibers do not decussate (i.e., stay in the same side).
olivocerebellar pathway transmit info form
transmits information from the cortex via the red nucleus and the inferior olive nucleus. These inputs participate in the learning and memory functions served by cerebellar circuitry. Projects to the Cerebrocerebellum and deep nuclei. The fibers enter the cerebellum through the inferior cerebellar peduncle. Fibers decussate (i
olivocerebellar pathway transmit info form
transmits information from the cortex via the red nucleus and the inferior olive nucleus. These inputs participate in the learning and memory functions served by cerebellar circuitry. Projects to the Cerebrocerebellum and deep nuclei. The fibers enter the cerebellum through the inferior cerebellar peduncle. Fibers decussate (i
cerebellar cortex neuron project where
to the deep cerebellar nuclei
deep cerebellar nuclei project
out of the cerebellum through the sup. cerebellar peduncle
cerebellum sens its ouput where and what does it allows
its outputs into the vestibular nuclei through the inferior cerebellar peduncle.
This pathway allows the cerebellum to influence posture and equilibrium
The cerebellar-vestibular-cerebellar pathways play a critical role in
integrating and modulating vestibular signals to:
Enable adaptive changes to the VCR,
Distinguish head tilts from translational movements,
Distinguish passive movements of the head and body from those that are self-generated.
role of purkinje cell
receive sensory information form the inferior olive and pontine nuclei thought the mossy fibers and climbing fibers (excitatory inputs).
the cerebellar neurons output to the motor cortex generates
an error correction signal that can modifiy movement
activity of Purkinje cell and deep cerebellar nuclei cell at resting state
tonically active
during movement activity Purkinje cell and deep cerebellar nuclei cell
both cell types receive a transient inhibition that blocks their tonic activity.
during movement activity Purkinje cell and deep cerebellar nuclei cell
both cell types receive a transient inhibition that blocks their tonic activity.
Cerebellum has role in:
Sensory acquisition,
Motor attention,
Timing of motor actions,
Prediction and preparation of movement,
Motor sequence learning and memory.
cerebellum helps coordinate motor actions consciously or uncousciously
uncousiously
