CEREBELLUM

Question 1

primary function of cerebellum

Answer 1

is to detect the difference, or “motor error,” between an intended movement and the actual movement to reduce the error (i.e., if there is a discrepancy, the cerebellum can modify motor signals to correct any errors).

Question 2

cerebellum influence what

Answer 2

movements and balance primarily by modifying the activity patterns of the upper and lower motor neurons.

Question 3

3 part of cerebellar hemispheres

Answer 3

cerebrocerebellum
spinocerebellum
vestibullocerebellum

Question 4

role + location of cerebrocerebellum

Answer 4

Most lateral part of cerebellar hemisphere.
Receives indirect input from many areas of the cerebral cortex.
Planning, coordination and execution of complex spatial and temporal sequences of movement.
Cognitive functions (e.g., timing, attention, sensation monitoring, motor learning).

Question 5

role + location of spinocerebellum

Answer 5

Vermis (median) and paramedian zone.
Receives direct input from the spinal cord (proprioceptive information).
Monitoring of ongoing movements (i.e., position of the body in space).
Vermis is involved with:
movement of the proximal muscles (trunk muscles).
movement of eyes.

Paramedian zone is involved with:
movement of distal muscles (arm & leg muscles).

Question 6

role and location of vestibulocerebellum

Answer 6

Caudal-inferior lobe of the cerebellum and includes the nodulus and flocculus (flocculo-nodular lobe).
Receives input from vestibular nuclei in the brainstem.
Involved in the regulation of movements that maintain posture, balance, equilibrium.

Question 7

what keep the cerebellum attached to the brainstem

Answer 7

cerebellar peduncles

Question 8

input from sup,mid and inf cerebellar peduncle

Answer 8

Superior Cerebellar Peduncle: mainly efferent pathways (output).
Middle Cerebellar Peduncle: afferent pathways (input)
Inferior Cerebellar Peduncle: multiple pathways (afferent and efferent).

Question 9

corticopontocerebellar pathway transmit info from

Answer 9

from motor, premotor cortex, somatosensory cortex via the pontine nuclei.
The pathway enters the cerebellum through the middle cerebellar peduncle. Fibers decussate (i.e., cross to the other side).
Projects mostly to the lateral areas: Cerebrocerebellum.

Question 10

spinocrebellar pathway transmit info where

Answer 10

information from the periphery (e.g. muscles spindle, Golgi tendon organs, joint receptors) via the spinal cord nuclei (Dorsal nucleus of Clarke & External cuneate nucleus). Projects to the spinocerebellum. Informs the cerebellum of the momentary status of muscle contraction, muscle tension, limb position, and motion of the body. The fibers enter the cerebellum through the inferior cerebellar peduncle. Fibers do not decussate (

Question 11

vestibulocerebellar pathway transmit info where

Answer 11

: transmits information from the vestibular system. Projects to the vestibulocerebellum. The fibers enter the cerebellum through the inferior cerebellar peduncle. Fibers do not decussate (i.e., stay in the same side).

Question 12

olivocerebellar pathway transmit info form

Answer 12

transmits information from the cortex via the red nucleus and the inferior olive nucleus. These inputs participate in the learning and memory functions served by cerebellar circuitry. Projects to the Cerebrocerebellum and deep nuclei. The fibers enter the cerebellum through the inferior cerebellar peduncle. Fibers decussate (i

Question 13

olivocerebellar pathway transmit info form

Answer 13

transmits information from the cortex via the red nucleus and the inferior olive nucleus. These inputs participate in the learning and memory functions served by cerebellar circuitry. Projects to the Cerebrocerebellum and deep nuclei. The fibers enter the cerebellum through the inferior cerebellar peduncle. Fibers decussate (i

Question 14

cerebellar cortex neuron project where

Answer 14

to the deep cerebellar nuclei

Question 15

deep cerebellar nuclei project

Answer 15

out of the cerebellum through the sup. cerebellar peduncle

Question 16

cerebellum sens its ouput where and what does it allows

Answer 16

its outputs into the vestibular nuclei through the inferior cerebellar peduncle.
This pathway allows the cerebellum to influence posture and equilibrium

Question 17

The cerebellar-vestibular-cerebellar pathways play a critical role in

Answer 17

integrating and modulating vestibular signals to:
Enable adaptive changes to the VCR,
Distinguish head tilts from translational movements,
Distinguish passive movements of the head and body from those that are self-generated.

Question 18

role of purkinje cell

Answer 18

receive sensory information form the inferior olive and pontine nuclei thought the mossy fibers and climbing fibers (excitatory inputs).

Question 19

the cerebellar neurons output to the motor cortex generates

Answer 19

an error correction signal that can modifiy movement

Question 20

activity of Purkinje cell and deep cerebellar nuclei cell at resting state

Answer 20

tonically active

Question 21

during movement activity Purkinje cell and deep cerebellar nuclei cell

Answer 21

both cell types receive a transient inhibition that blocks their tonic activity.

Question 22

during movement activity Purkinje cell and deep cerebellar nuclei cell

Answer 22

both cell types receive a transient inhibition that blocks their tonic activity.

Question 23

Cerebellum has role in:

Answer 23

Sensory acquisition,
Motor attention,
Timing of motor actions,
Prediction and preparation of movement,
Motor sequence learning and memory.

Question 24

cerebellum helps coordinate motor actions consciously or uncousciously

Answer 24

uncousiously

Question 25

circuit of cerebellum could be acting as

Answer 25

predictor (i.e, predicts surrounding movements) and adjusts the body movements accordantly.

Question 26

The cerebellum influences movements primarily by

Answer 26

modifying the activity patterns of upper and lower motor neurons.
It detects the difference, or “motor error,” between an intended movement and the actual movement

Question 27

role of cerebellum in motor cognition

Answer 27

learning motor sequences, memory of motor actions.

Question 28

role of cerebellum in regulation non-motor function

Answer 28

the organization and coordination of thought and emotion