Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Neuro 2 > Cerebellar Dysfunction > Flashcards

Cerebellar Dysfunction Flashcards

1
Q

What could be the cause if cerebellar dysfunction is acute/abrupt?

A

CVA or brain lesion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What could be the cause if cerebellar dysfunction has rapid progression (hours to days)?

A
  • infarction
  • immune-mediated disorders
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What could be the cause if cerebellar dysfunction has slower progression (weeks to months)?

A
  • paraneoplastic disorders
  • encephalopathy
  • vitamin deficiency states
  • general medical conditions
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What could be the cause if cerebellar dysfunction is chronic (months to years)?

A
  • general ataxias
  • toxins (alcohol)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Primary method of diagnosis of cerebellar issues

A

brain and brainstem MRI

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What happens to the cerebrum and cerebellum with alcoholic ataxia?

A

starts to shrivel up

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the most noticeable symptom of cerebellar dysfunction?

A

ataxia - poor muscle control that causes clumsy voluntary movements

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

S&S of alcoholic ataxia

A
  • wide-footed, unsteady gait
  • dysarthria
  • clumsiness of their hands
  • diplopia, saccades
  • peripheral neuropathy
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

characteristics of Korsakoff’s psychosis

A
  • severe impairments in immediate recall
  • anterograde or retrograde amnesia
  • disorientation
  • emotional changes
  • confabulation - honest lying
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

characteristics of Wernicke’s Encephalitis

A
  • confusion
  • ataxia
  • ophthalmoplegia - weakness of optic muscles
  • anisocoria - unequal pupil sizes
  • nystagmust
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What causes Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome?

A

chronic alcohol use that leads to thiamine (vitamin B1) deficiency

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is chiari malformation?

A

congenital condition in which structural abnormalities lead to herniation of cerebellum through foramen magnum, compression involved structures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Type 1,2,3 of chiari malformation

A

Type 1 - symptoms appear in adolescence or adulthood

Type 2 - symptoms appear in childhood

Type 3 - symptoms appear in babies - rare but most severe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

symptoms of chiari malformation

A

Can be asymptomatic

  • neck pain
  • occipital headache
  • hearing or balance problems
  • dizziness
  • vomiting
  • tinnitus
  • incoordination
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is Friedreich’s ataxia? When do symptoms onset?

A
  • degeneration of spinal and peripheral nerves, cerebellum
  • symptom onset in childhood, latest mid-20s
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

S&S of cerebellar Friedreich’s ataxia

A
  • imbalance
  • incoordination
  • dysarthria
  • dysphagia
  • weakness
17
Q

S&S of non-cerebellar Friedreich’s ataxia

A
  • scoliosis
  • visual or hearing loss
  • hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
  • peripheral neuropathy
18
Q

prognosis of Friedreich’s ataxia. What is the most common cause of death?

A
  • mortality between 40s-60s
  • most common cause of death is heart disease
  • average time from someone going from walking to needing a wheelchair is ~ 10 years

treatment - symptom management and functional training

19
Q

What is spinocerebellar ataxia? What type of symptoms will be seen?

A
  • degenerative process involving the cerebellum and its efferent and afferent connections
  • See UMN and LMN signs due to spinal cord and alpha motor neuron involvement
20
Q

What is unique about spinocerebellar ataxia?

A

Significant degree of variations of presentation, prognosis, and progression because there are over 50 types

21
Q

When does onset occur with spinocerebellar ataxia?

A

anywhere between childhood and adulthood

22
Q

What will be seen with type 1 spinocerebellar ataxia?

A

most common
- optic atrophy
- ophthalmoplegia
- dementia/cog deficits
- amyotrophy - asymmetric lower limb motor neuropathy
- extrapyramidal signs

23
Q

What are extrapyramidal signs?

A

basal ganglia impairments
- involuntary muscle contractions
- tremors
- stiff muscles
- bradykinesia
- involuntary movements

24
Q

What will be seen with type 2 spinocerebellar ataxia?

A

dominated by visual loss
- retinal degeneration which may be associated with ophthalmoplegia and extrapyramidal signs

25
Q

What will be seen with type 3 spinocerebellar ataxia?

A

pure cerebellar ataxia

26
Q

What will be seen with type 4 spinocerebellar ataxia?

A

hearing loss
- deafness and the presence of myoclonus - brief, involuntary, or jerking of muscles

27
Q

What is the SARA? What is the scale?

A

scale for assessment and rating of ataxia

8-items
- 0 = no ataxia
- 40 = most severe ataxia

28
Q

What does the SARA evaluate? What does it not evaluate

A

Evaluates
- gait
- standing
- sitting
- speech
- finger to finger and finger to nose
- RAMs and heel to shin

Does not evaluates
- does not consider oculomotor function

29
Q

What medications may help cerebellar symptoms?

A
  • vitamin E
  • coenzyme Q10
30
Q

______________ involvement poorer prognosis for recovery compared to cerebellar cortex

A

deep nuclear involvement

31
Q

T/F: If nearby brainstem involved in injury, patients will likely have more significant and lingering deficits

A

true

32
Q

What diagnosis tends to have excellent prognosis?

A

cerebellar CVAs

Neuro 2 (19 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions