Cephalosporins and other Antibiotics

Question 1

What are the 1st gen cephalosporins?

Describe spectrum.

Answer 1

‘FA’s; cefalexin, cefazolin

Spectrum; MSSA, most streps., PEcK (Proteus, E.coli, Klebsiella)

Question 2

What are the 2nd gen cephalosporins?

Describe spectrum.

Answer 2

‘Fac fox fur’; cefaclor, cefoxitin, cefuroxime

Spectrum; Gram positves + PEcK + Hib, Neisseria, Enterobacter

Question 3

What are the 3rd gen cephalosporins?

Describe spectrum.

Answer 3

‘Tax’; cefotaxime, ceftazidime, ceftriaxone (meningitis)

Specturm; Gram negs with some strep cover. Used in sepsis and meningitis (crosses BBB)

Question 4

What are 4th and 5th gen cephalosporins?

Spectrum of 5th?

Answer 4

4th; cefepime

5th; ceftaroline. For MRSA, Enterococcus, & Pseudomonas.

Question 5

Which antibiotics are antipseudomonals?

Answer 5

ciprofloxacin (oral)
Tazocin (piperacillin + tazobactam)
Timentin (ticarcillin + clavulanic acid)

Question 6

What is Bactrim and how is it used?

Answer 6

Bactrim = trimethoprim + sulfonamides (sulfoamethoxazole)
= co-trimoxazole (inhibit folate synthesis)
Used for UTI organisms; E.coli, Proteus, Enterobacter
AVOID IN 3RD TRIMESTER (thrombocytopenia risk)

Question 7

What are the aminoglycosides and what is their indication?
MOA?
Side effects?

Answer 7

gentamycin, tobramycin, streptomycin
Indicated ONLY in Endocarditis (Enterococcus OR Strep).
MOA; Bind 30S subunit (bacteriocidal)
SE; Nephrotoxic, ototoxic (try not to use these)

Question 8

What are the macrolides?
MOA?
Side effects?

Answer 8

azithromycin, roxithromycin, erythromycin (good for intracellular organisms)
MOA; binds 50S subunit (bacteriostatic)
SE; QT prolongation

Question 9

What are the side effects of 2nd and 3rd gen cephalosporins?

Answer 9

Disulfram-like reaction with Alcohol

Question 10

Side effect of vancomycin?

Answer 10

Red man syndrome