cephalosporins

Question 1

Cephalosporins have how many classes and what do they not work against

Answer 1

6, LAME (listeria, atypicals aka CLaM, MRSA, Enterococcus)

Question 2

first generation cephalosporins names and good for

Answer 2

cefazolin and cephalexin, Drug of choice for MSSA and cefazolin is best for surgical prophylaxis (aerobic)

Question 3

these two are Drugs of Choice for MSSA

Answer 3

1st gen cephlasporins (cefazol), and Anti-Staphylococcal PCNS (Naf/Diclo)

Question 4

2nd generation cephlasporins name and good for and bioequivalence?

Answer 4

po =x bio eqiv with IV,
TAN FOX FUR (bottom jeans..tan fox with the fur)
cefoteTAN, ceFOXtin, ceFURoxime,

good for: anaerobic coverage = prophylactic sergical.

Question 5

2nd generation cephlasporins coverage

Answer 5

PEK + Haemophilus influenza andd morazella catarrhalis

Question 6

IV vs PO Cefuroxime

Answer 6

IV rare, PO bettter for Peds with URT (sinusitis, otitis media)

Question 7

3rd generation cephlasporins names and good for

Answer 7

CefTRIAzone, cefTAXime, cefTAZidime and oral cefDINir, cef PODozime,

cefTAZidime ONLY–>good for Psuedomonas activity

3rd gen coverage all prior plus SPACE bugs.

issues kernicteris and pain with ceftriazone, infant stool red with cefdiner

Question 8

SPACE bugs

Answer 8

Serratia marcenesens, pseufomonas, acinobacter, citrobacter, enterobacter, klebsella pneumonia

Question 9

Ceftraixone vs cefotaxime

Answer 9

cefTRIaxone –>kenecteris–>no good for kids. both–>CNS=good for meningitis.

Question 10

ceftraixone drug of choice for?

Answer 10

Strep Pneumo and Gonorrhea, also great for E.Coli coverage

Question 11

4th gen cephalosporine names and good for

Answer 11

CefePine, better G- and G+ (strep Pneumo) and better against B lact-ases

can use for PSUEDOMONAS, and NOSOCOMIAL infections

Question 12

5th gen cephalosporine names and good for

Answer 12

cefTAROline –>MRSA!!!!!,
and cefTAROline: only B-lactam with MRSA coverage

All best for G+, can be used for skin infect w/mrsa

Question 13

general ceph adverse react

Answer 13

kernicteris w. ceftraizone in neonates

superinfections with c.diff. diahreae, allergic rxn less than PCN

w/food: cefurozime, cefpodo

elderly? renal dose adjustments, EXCEPT CEFTRIAxONE

Question 14

Carbapenems names and mechandism and thoughts on use

Answer 14

ERTAapenem, IMIpenim/cilastatin, MEROpenem, DORImepem and MOROpenem/varbobactam

use causiously! last line! PBP binding

Question 15

ertapenem is what? and how different than others in its class

Answer 15

no activity aGAINST APE! Acinobacter, psudomonas, enterococcus & bound to protein. is a carbapenem

Question 16

when are carbapenems drugs of choice?

Answer 16

with extended spectrum beta lactamases (ESBLS)

Question 17

if CRE (carbapenem-resistant enterobacteriacae)–name of this organism?-then what now??

Answer 17

6th gen cephlasporins. have b-ace-inhibitors.

Question 18

6th gen ceph names and why use

Answer 18

meropenem/vaborbactam IV only, works against CRE!

Question 19

carbapenem special pop info

Answer 19

safe for preg and lact, may induce siezure in neonate, elderly: renal adjustments.

Question 20

monobactam names and what good for

Answer 20

aztreonam good foro G- Arorobes including Psuedomonas and Enterobacteriacea, low potent against psudomonal.

Question 21

if PCN allergy and have pseudo then what??

Answer 21

use aztreonam (a monobactam)

Question 22

what drug has warfarin interaction for bleeding

Answer 22

TMP/SMX aka Bactrim is a sulfanomide

Question 23

sulfonamides MOA, name and good for? is it an inducer or inhibitor?

Answer 23

MOA=PABA like inhibit bac synth folic acid (lack of this they die). SMS is sulfamethozazole and TMP is trimethoprim (used together)= inhibitor.

Question 24

which drugs have true synergy and how

Answer 24

TMP/SMX. together are cidal. both attack same bact process of folic acid by inhbit PABA (benzione ring)

Question 25

where does TMP/SMX go, what does it treat, and what interaction is an issue, and how excreted?

Answer 25

int issue: is an inhibitor-->warfarin builds=bleed. Goes to CSF, excreted renally. covers staph and strep. think group a strep not covered (not strep pyogen). Side effect to know SJS!

Question 26

tmp/smx drug of choice for

Answer 26

PCP (jefoveckia aka PJP) , a fungus, to treat pnemonia ... if suspected in HIV =prophalactically.

Question 27

TMP/SMX spectrum

Answer 27

G+, G-, not pseudo. best for PCP with HIV propholactically

Question 28

tmp/smx adverse effects? which one good for HIV sulfa allergy, and how is it different?

Answer 28

sulfa allergies = sluffing skin ->SJS (steven johnson syndrome), crystals in urine/tubular necrosis, bone suppression... DRINK WITH WATER, and photosensitivitty.. wear sunscreen. hiv/sulfa allergy: sulfone/dapsone (same thing), it's not an amide!

Question 29

what oral sulfa can be taken for toxoplamsa gondi?

Answer 29

sulfadiazine po tablet. but have renal and hemo adverse effects

Question 30

Nitrofurantoin is what kind of drug class and what is it used for, how it that special, and what is MOA?

Answer 30

MacroBID (4x day) for UTI/cystitis ONLY. MOA=N/A, but excreted in urine and maintains purity=works for UTI against: e.coli and enterococus (including VRE)

Question 31

when not to use nitrofurantoin?

Answer 31

if have kidney issues prior to use aka not with pyelonephritis, not for 1st and 3rd triemster nor 1st month lacation

Question 32

what covers MSSA? what if allergic?

Answer 32

1st gen cephlo (cefazoli), antistaphlococcal , if allergic=antistaph penicillin

Question 33

what covers MRSA

Answer 33

1st vanco IV,

Question 34

what covers staph?

Answer 34

penicillin, ceph, if allergic =IV Vanco

Question 35

what coveres entero?

Answer 35

ceph first, TMP/SMX also can be used

Question 36

what can be used for neonates?

Answer 36

immepenum (but can cause siezures)

Question 37

what can be used for a burn?

Answer 37

topical sulfa

Question 38

does nitroofurnatoin reach systemic infections/

Answer 38

NO! poor oral absorb, useful in UTI. ONLY UTI.

Question 39

TMP/SMX and Nitrofurantoin contraindicated when?

Answer 39

NEONATES

Question 40

what to avoid if sever renal disfunction

Answer 40

nitrofurantoin

Question 41

streptococcus treat with what ?

Answer 41

penecillin is best! then 1st gen ceflasporin

Question 42

what treat strep psneumo with

Answer 42

cephlasporin 3rd fen

Question 43

antistaph names and treats and routes

Answer 43

Nafcillin, oxacillin, dicloxacillin, Anti-staphMSSA (G+), N,OIV Doral, Doesn’t work against TB/myco/CLaM

Question 44

Beta lactams include

Answer 44

Penicillins...

Question 45

amino(PCN), good for what and what route?

Answer 45

Ampicillin, amoxicillin, Amino-PCNs for G- coverage enterococcus, Amp=iv/oral Amox: Oral