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cephalosporins Flashcards

1
Q

Cephalosporins have how many classes and what do they not work against

A

6, LAME (listeria, atypicals aka CLaM, MRSA, Enterococcus)

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2
Q

first generation cephalosporins names and good for

A

cefazolin and cephalexin, Drug of choice for MSSA and cefazolin is best for surgical prophylaxis (aerobic)

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3
Q

these two are Drugs of Choice for MSSA

A

1st gen cephlasporins (cefazol), and Anti-Staphylococcal PCNS (Naf/Diclo)

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4
Q

2nd generation cephlasporins name and good for and bioequivalence?

A

po =x bio eqiv with IV,
TAN FOX FUR (bottom jeans..tan fox with the fur)
cefoteTAN, ceFOXtin, ceFURoxime,

good for: anaerobic coverage = prophylactic sergical.

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5
Q

2nd generation cephlasporins coverage

A

PEK + Haemophilus influenza andd morazella catarrhalis

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6
Q

IV vs PO Cefuroxime

A

IV rare, PO bettter for Peds with URT (sinusitis, otitis media)

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7
Q

3rd generation cephlasporins names and good for

A

CefTRIAzone, cefTAXime, cefTAZidime and oral cefDINir, cef PODozime,

cefTAZidime ONLY–>good for Psuedomonas activity

3rd gen coverage all prior plus SPACE bugs.

issues kernicteris and pain with ceftriazone, infant stool red with cefdiner

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8
Q

SPACE bugs

A

Serratia marcenesens, pseufomonas, acinobacter, citrobacter, enterobacter, klebsella pneumonia

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9
Q

Ceftraixone vs cefotaxime

A

cefTRIaxone –>kenecteris–>no good for kids. both–>CNS=good for meningitis.

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10
Q

ceftraixone drug of choice for?

A

Strep Pneumo and Gonorrhea, also great for E.Coli coverage

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11
Q

4th gen cephalosporine names and good for

A

CefePine, better G- and G+ (strep Pneumo) and better against B lact-ases

can use for PSUEDOMONAS, and NOSOCOMIAL infections

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12
Q

5th gen cephalosporine names and good for

A

cefTAROline –>MRSA!!!!!,
and cefTAROline: only B-lactam with MRSA coverage

All best for G+, can be used for skin infect w/mrsa

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13
Q

general ceph adverse react

A

kernicteris w. ceftraizone in neonates

superinfections with c.diff. diahreae, allergic rxn less than PCN

w/food: cefurozime, cefpodo

elderly? renal dose adjustments, EXCEPT CEFTRIAxONE

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14
Q

Carbapenems names and mechandism and thoughts on use

A

ERTAapenem, IMIpenim/cilastatin, MEROpenem, DORImepem and MOROpenem/varbobactam

use causiously! last line! PBP binding

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15
Q

ertapenem is what? and how different than others in its class

A

no activity aGAINST APE! Acinobacter, psudomonas, enterococcus & bound to protein. is a carbapenem

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16
Q

when are carbapenems drugs of choice?

A

with extended spectrum beta lactamases (ESBLS)

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17
Q

if CRE (carbapenem-resistant enterobacteriacae)–name of this organism?-then what now??

A

6th gen cephlasporins. have b-ace-inhibitors.

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18
Q

6th gen ceph names and why use

A

meropenem/vaborbactam IV only, works against CRE!

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19
Q

carbapenem special pop info

A

safe for preg and lact, may induce siezure in neonate, elderly: renal adjustments.

20
Q

monobactam names and what good for

A

aztreonam good foro G- Arorobes including Psuedomonas and Enterobacteriacea, low potent against psudomonal.

21
Q

if PCN allergy and have pseudo then what??

A

use aztreonam (a monobactam)

22
Q

what drug has warfarin interaction for bleeding

A

TMP/SMX aka Bactrim is a sulfanomide

23
Q

sulfonamides MOA, name and good for? is it an inducer or inhibitor?

A

MOA=PABA like inhibit bac synth folic acid (lack of this they die). SMS is sulfamethozazole and TMP is trimethoprim (used together)= inhibitor.

24
Q

which drugs have true synergy and how

A

TMP/SMX. together are cidal. both attack same bact process of folic acid by inhbit PABA (benzione ring)

25
Q

where does TMP/SMX go, what does it treat, and what interaction is an issue, and how excreted?

A

int issue: is an inhibitor–>warfarin builds=bleed. Goes to CSF, excreted renally. covers staph and strep. think group a strep not covered (not strep pyogen). Side effect to know SJS!

26
Q

tmp/smx drug of choice for

A

PCP (jefoveckia aka PJP) , a fungus, to treat pnemonia … if suspected in HIV =prophalactically.

27
Q

TMP/SMX spectrum

A

G+, G-, not pseudo. best for PCP with HIV propholactically

28
Q

tmp/smx adverse effects? which one good for HIV sulfa allergy, and how is it different?

A

sulfa allergies = sluffing skin ->SJS (steven johnson syndrome), crystals in urine/tubular necrosis, bone suppression… DRINK WITH WATER, and photosensitivitty.. wear sunscreen.

hiv/sulfa allergy: sulfone/dapsone (same thing), it’s not an amide!

29
Q

what oral sulfa can be taken for toxoplamsa gondi?

A

sulfadiazine po tablet. but have renal and hemo adverse effects

30
Q

Nitrofurantoin is what kind of drug class and what is it used for, how it that special, and what is MOA?

A

MacroBID (4x day) for UTI/cystitis ONLY. MOA=N/A, but excreted in urine and maintains purity=works for UTI against: e.coli and enterococus (including VRE)

31
Q

when not to use nitrofurantoin?

A

if have kidney issues prior to use aka not with pyelonephritis, not for 1st and 3rd triemster nor 1st month lacation

32
Q

what covers MSSA? what if allergic?

A

1st gen cephlo (cefazoli), antistaphlococcal ,

if allergic=antistaph penicillin

33
Q

what covers MRSA

A

1st vanco IV,

34
Q

what covers staph?

A

penicillin, ceph, if allergic =IV Vanco

35
Q

what coveres entero?

A

ceph first, TMP/SMX also can be used

36
Q

what can be used for neonates?

A

immepenum (but can cause siezures)

37
Q

what can be used for a burn?

A

topical sulfa

38
Q

does nitroofurnatoin reach systemic infections/

A

NO! poor oral absorb, useful in UTI. ONLY UTI.

39
Q

TMP/SMX and Nitrofurantoin contraindicated when?

A

NEONATES

40
Q

what to avoid if sever renal disfunction

A

nitrofurantoin

41
Q

streptococcus treat with what ?

A

penecillin is best! then 1st gen ceflasporin

42
Q

what treat strep psneumo with

A

cephlasporin 3rd fen

43
Q

antistaph names and treats and routes

A

Nafcillin, oxacillin, dicloxacillin, Anti-staphMSSA
(G+), N,OIV
Doral, Doesn’t work against
TB/myco/CLaM

44
Q

Beta lactams include

A

Penicillins…

45
Q

amino(PCN), good for what and what route?

A

Ampicillin, amoxicillin, Amino-PCNs for G- coverage enterococcus, Amp=iv/oral
Amox: Oral

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