central noradrenergic and serotoninergic systems/ MOOD DISORDERS

Question 1

List the sites of CNS drug action (7)

Answer 1

1) conduction
2) synthesis and storage
3) release and reuptake
4) degradation
5) receptors
6) ion channels
7) second messengers

Question 2

name the monoamines

%of synapses, brain conc, function, primary receptor class

Answer 2

1. catecholamines: DA,NE, EPI
2. indoleamines: serotonin

• 2-5 synapses
• low conc
• slow change in excitability(sec)
• GPCRS

Question 3

acetylcholine

%of synapses, brain conc, function, primary receptor class

Answer 3

• 5-10 synapses
• low conc
• slow change in excitability
• GPCRS

Question 4

name the amino acids (inhibitory & excitatory)

Answer 4

1. inhibitory: GABA& glycine

• 15-20 synapses
• high conc
• rapid inhibition (msecs)
• ion channels

2.excitatory: Glutamate& aspartate

• 75-50 synapses
• high conc
• rapid excitation
• ion channels

Question 5

DA receptors

Answer 5

D1-5

all are GPCRS

Question 6

NE/EPI receptors

Answer 6

a1&2
b1,2,3
all are GPCRS

Question 7

5-HT receptors

Answer 7

5-HT1A
5-HT1B
5-HT1D –>Gi, inhibitory

5-HT2A
5-HT2B
5-HT2C –>Gq, excitatory

5-HT3 (LG) !!! –> excitatory
5-HT4 –> Gs, excitatory

5-HT5 –> Gi–> inh

5-HT6-7 –> Gs–> excit

all GPCRS except 5HT3

Question 8

Ach receptors

Answer 8

Muscarinic M1 Muscarinic M2 Muscarinic M3 Muscarinic M4 Nicotinic

all GPCRS except nicotinic

Question 9

Glutamate receptos

Answer 9

NMDA
AMPA
Kainate Metabotropic

all LG except metab!!!

Question 10

GABA receptors

Answer 10

GABA A: LG

GABA B: G

Question 11

MAO (4)

Answer 11

1) cofactor: FLAVIN
located in the outer membrane of mitochondria
2) convert amine into aldehyde (followed by aldehyde dehydrogenase to acids or aldehyde reductase to glycol)
3)-MAO A: NE & 5HT
inhibited by CLORGYLINE
-MAO B: DA
inhibited by DEPRENYL
4) PTS treated with MAOi for HTN or depression may have severe HTN after ingestion of foods with high amounts of tyramine

Question 12

COMT

Answer 12

1) enzyme can metabolize both intra and extracellularly

2) requires Mg2+ and substrate of S-adenosylmethionine

Question 13

monoamine metabolites formed in the CNS

Answer 13

1) NE–> MHPG (MAO & COMT)
2) DA–> HVA (MAO &COMT)
3) 5HT–>5HIAA (MAO)

Question 14

CNS functions regulated by NE

Answer 14

1) arousal
2) mood
3) blood pressure control

Question 15

CNS functions regulated by 5HT

Answer 15

1) sleep
2) mood
3) sexual function
4) appetite

Question 16

name 3 mood disorders

Answer 16

1. depression (unipolar & major depression)
2. bipolar disorder
3. anxiety disorder

Question 17

name 3 different types of depression

Answer 17

1. major depression: prevents person from functioning normally
2. dysthymia: long term (2 yr) symptoms that may not be severe enough to diable a person but can prevent normal functioning or feeling well
3. minor depression: symptoms for 2 weeks or longer that do not meet full criteria for MDD but without treatment people are at high risk for developing MDD

-other: psychotic dep, postpartum dep, seasonal affective disorder

Question 18

symptoms of depression

Answer 18

1. low mood
2. decrease in interest
3. lack of joy
4. body weight changes
5. sleep abnormalities
6. fatigue
7. decreased ability to concentrate
8. returning thoughts of death & suicide