Central Nervous System (Exam II) Flashcards
What are the 4 major lobes of the brain? What do they control?
- Frontal (Personality, planning, thinking, etc.)
- Parietal (Sensory info processing, somatosensory cortex)
- Occipital (Vision primarily)
- Temporal (Right and Left, Hearing and Language)
What are the 3 neuron types found in mammals? Which one is not in mammals?
- Multipolar
- Pseudounipolar
- Bipolar
True Unipolar not found in mammals.
Which neuron type is the most common? What is the defining trait of these?
- Multipolar
- This is the “decision making” neuron.
What is the purpose of pseudounipolar cells? Where are pseudounipolar neurons found? What is the purpose of the nucleus in these cells?
- Sensory information processing.
- They are found in ganglia
- The nucleus mainly just provides cell support.
Where are bipolar neurons found?
- Eyes and ears (i.e. retinas and cochlear/vestibular structures of the ears.)
At resting state, are V-G Na+ channels of most somatic sensory nerve receptors open or closed? What changes this state?
- V-G Na+ channels are closed at Vrm.
- Changes by stretch or pressure opens V-G Na+ on your somatic sensory nerves. This is how we perceive our sensory information.
The Telencephalon is also known as what?
The cerebrum
The Diencephalon controls what functions of the brain? What incredibly important structure is located here?
- Hypothalamus
- Automated functions are controlled in the diencephalon (I.e. infection response, body temp, etc.)
What other name does the midbrain go by?
Mesencephalon
What are the three structures of the brain stem in descending order?
- Midbrain (mesencephalon)
- Pons
- Medulla Oblongata
What does the cerebellum control?
- Complex movement coordination (I.e. sports, driving a car, etc.)
Where does the spinal cord terminate?
Around L1 to L2
What information does the anterior horn of the spinal cord process?
Motor
What information does the lateral horn of the spinal cord process?
Visceromotor
What information does the posterior horn of the spinal cord process?
Sensory
What differentiates vertebral arteries in the C-spine area from vertebral arteries throughout the rest of the spinal column?
Vertebral arteries in the c-spine area are protected by the cervical vertebrae.
Which spinal nerves are necessary for breathing?
C3, C4, and C5
Spinal nerves flow out alongside which bony structures?
Transverse Processes
What foramen do vertebral arteries pass through?
The tranverse foramen
What bony structure of the spine allows for “head swivel”? Which vertebrae is this structure located on? Where does this structure attach to?
- Dens Process
- C2 Axis
- C1 Atlas: Dens Facet
Which two facets fit to the base of the skull, connecting the skull with the vertebrae?
The right and left superior articular facets
What is another name for the C1 Vertebrae? How about the C2 Vertebrae?
- C1 = Atlas
- C2 = Axis
What are the 3 main arteries that feed the spinal cord?
- Anterior Spinal Artery
- Right Posterior Spinal Artery
- Left Posterior Spinal Artery
What thoracic arteries feed the main vertebral arteries? Are these normally located next to each other?
Posterior and Anterior Segmental Medullary Arteries.
No, they are normally staggered.