Central Nervous System Flashcards
What is the PNS made up of?
Cranial and spinal nerves
Ganglia outside the brain and spinal cord
What is in the forebrain?
Cerebrum
Diencephalon
What is in the hindbrain?
Pons
Medulla
Cerebellum
What is the frontal lobe responsible for?
Regulating and initiating motor function, language, cognitive functions (executive function [e.g. planning], attention, memory)
What is the Parietal lobe responsible for?
Sensation (touch, pain), sensory aspects of language, spatial orientation and self- perception
What is the temporal lobe responsible for?
Processing auditory information
What is the occipital lobe responsible for?
Processing visual information
What makes up the limbic lobe?
Amygdala
Hippocampus
Mamillary body
Cingulate gyrus
What is the limbic lobe responsible for?
Learning, memory, emotion, motivation and reward
Where is the insular cortex?
Deep within the lateral fissure
What is the insular cortex responsible for?
Visceral sensations Autonomic control Interoception Auditory processing Visual- vestibular integration
Where does cerebrospinal fluid flow?
Ventricular system
Sub-arachnoid space
Where is cerebrospinal fluid produced?
Choroid plexus of lateral 3rd and 4th ventricles
Which of the meninges is a loose covering over the cerebrum?*
Dura and Arachnoid
Where is cerebrospinal fluid reabsorbed?
Arachnoid villi
Compare cerebrospinal fluid with blood plasma.
CSF - lower pH, less glucose, less protein, less potassium
Why is CSF a good indicator of disease?
Any changes in the composition may have a pathological cause
Where do afferent/sensory nerves join the spinal cord?
Dorsal root
Where do efferent/motor nerves join the spinal cord?
Ventral root
Why is there a swelling in the dorsal root after the mixed spinal nerve?
Dorsal root ganglion. There are cell bodies.
How do spinal nerves emerge from the vertebral column?
Through intervertebral foramina
C1 - C7 emerge above vertebrae
C8 - Co1 emerge below vertebrae
What are the sections of the spinal cord?
Cervical Thoracic Lumbar Sacral Coccygeal
What is the pathway for voluntary movement?
Corticospinal tract. It is descending
What are the pathways for sensation?
Dorsal column pathway Spinothalamic tract
They are ascending
What is the dorsal column pathway responsible for?
Fine touch, vibration, and proprioception
What is the spinothalamic pathway responsible for?
Pain, temperature
What percent of fibres coming from one hemisphere of the brain decussate and innervate the opposite side of the body?
85%
What does decussate mean?
Cross or intersect
