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BRS > Cells of the Nervous System & Neuromuscular Junction > Flashcards

Cells of the Nervous System & Neuromuscular Junction Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 4 regions of the brain?

A

Cerebral hemisphere
Brainstem
Cerebellum
Spinal cord

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2
Q

What are the 4 functional regions of the cerebral hemispheres?

A

Frontal
Parietal
Temporal
Occipital

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3
Q

What makes up the brainstem?

A

Midbrain
Pons
Medulla

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4
Q

What are the different forms of neurones?

A

Unipolar
Pseudo-unipolar
Bipolar
Multipolar

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5
Q

What is the most common type of neuron?

A

Multipolar

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6
Q

Heterogenous Morphology

A

Takes up lots of shapes

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7
Q

Outline the characteristics of a neurone.

A

Soma
Axon
Dendrites

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8
Q

What part of the neurone is myelinated?

A

Axon. Dendrites are unmyelinated

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9
Q

How do astrocytes differ to neurones?

A

Ability to proliferate

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10
Q

Outline the 3 main roles of astrocytes.

A

Structure - blood-brain barrier
Cell repair - synthesis of neurotrophic factors
Homeostasis - neurotransmitter regulation

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11
Q

What are the 2 myelin-producing cells?

A

Oligodendrocyte and Schwann cell

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12
Q

How do the 2 myelin-producing cells differ?

A

One oligodendrocyte –> myelinates many axons

One Schwann cell –> myelinates one axon segment

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13
Q

What his the function of microglial cells?

A

Neuronal macrophages

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14
Q

What is the function of ependymal cells?

A

Epithelial cells lining the ventricles

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15
Q

What are the 4 major ions involved in RMP?

A

K+, Na+, Cl-, Ca2+

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16
Q

Which ions have a higher extracellular concentration?

A

Na+, Cl-, Ca2+ (small conc. but large gradient)

17
Q

Is a less negative RMP making the cell more or less excitable?

A

More excitable

18
Q

What are the changes in membrane depolarisation?

A

VGSCs open –> Na+ influx –> further depolarisation

19
Q

What are the changes in membrane repolarisation?

A

VGKCs open at a slower rate –> efflux of K+ from cell

20
Q

What are the features of myelin that prevent depolarisation?

A

High resistance, low capacitance

21
Q

Axodendritic Synapse

A

Presynaptic terminal to neuronal dendrite

22
Q

Axosomatic Synapse

A

Presynaptic terminal to neuronal soma

23
Q

Axoaxonic Synapse

A

Presynaptic terminal to neuronal axon

24
Q

What is the neurotransmitter used at a neuromuscular junction?

A

Acetylcholine ACh

25
Q

What are the receptors on the sarcolemma that bind ACh?

A

Nicotinic ACh receptor (nAChR)

BRS (6 decks)

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