Central Nervous System Flashcards
part of the nervous system that consists of the brain and spinal cord
Central Nervous System (CNS)
shoe-shaped body that forms from the ectoderm during embryonic development, serving as a precursor to the spinal column
neural plate
the fold created during embryonic development when the neural plate expands and rises, which later becomes the spinal column
neural fold
precursor of the spinal column
neural tube
cavities within the cerebral hemisphere which contain cerebrospinal fluid
Ventricles
ability of all or part of an organ to take over the function of another damaged organ
plasticity
the bridge of white matter connecting the cerebral hemispheres
Corpus callosum
impairment of receptive language due to a disorder of the central nervous system
Aphasia
condition in which an abnormal accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid within the ventricles of the brain results in the enlargement of the head of an infant
Hydrocephalus
front
Ventral or Anterior
back
Posterior of Dorsal
to the side, away from midline
Lateral
lack of development
Agenesis
feedback/sensations of joint position
Proprioceptive
numbness with a pins and needles sensation
Paresthesias
inability to understand spoken words accompanied by the ability to speak, often in an unintelligible fashion
Receptive aphasia
atypical, involuntary movements
Dyskinesias
rapid, random, jerky movements
Chorea
movement towards midline
Adduction
movement away from midline
Abduction
paralysis of one side of the body
Hemiplegia
increased muscle tone resulting in stiff muscles and difficulty movements
Spastic
involvement of both lower extremities with milder involvement of upper extremities
Deplegia
all four limbs are affected
Quadriplegia
constant random, writhing involuntary limb movements
Athetoid
unbalanced gait
Ataxia
primitive reflex in which infant throws out their arms as if giving a hug
moro reflex
a shortening of muscle fibers causing decreased joint mobility
Contracture
partial dislocation
Sublixation
lying on the belly, face down
Prone
lying on the back, face up
Supine
congenital cystic malformation of the brain
Encephalocele
neural tube defect in which either the entire brain or all but the most primitive regions of the brain are missing
Anencephaly
developmental defect of the spine
Spina bifida
protrusion of meninges and malformed spinal cord through a defect in the vertebral column; also called myelomeningocele
meningomyelocele
protrusion of the meninges through a defect in the skull or vertebral column
Meningocele
a tube connecting a cerebral ventricle with the abdominal cavity to treat hydrocephalus
Ventriculoperitoneal shunt
lateral curvature of the spine
Scoliosis
a humping deformity of the spine
Kyphosis
combination of humping and curvature of the spine
Kyphoscoliosis
surgically placed opening from the small intestine through the abdominal wall to divert bowel or bladder contents after an operation
Ileostomy
infusion or removal of fluids through the use of a tube
Catheterization
the brain’s level of tolerance for electrical activity, with seizure activity occurring when the tolerance level is exceeded
Seizure threshold
pertaining to a seizure event
Ictal
immediately following a seizure episode
Postictal
a visual and/or olfactory sensation marking the onset of a seizure
Aura
localized collection of clotted blood lying in the space between the dural and arachnoid membranes that surround the brain.
Subdural hemotoma
localized collection of clotted blood lying between the skull and outer (dural) membrane of the brain, resulting from the hemorrhage of a blood vessel resting in the dural
Epidural hrmatona
