Central Nervous System Flashcards
outer layer
- 2 examples
Cortex
ex: cerebral cortex
cerebellar cortex
folds of the brain in the cortex
gyrus (plural gyri)
ex: precentral gyrus
spaces between gyri and folia
Sulcus (sulci)
ex: central sulcus
brain region seperated by fissures or sulci
lobe
ex: temporal lobe, occipital lobe
CNS region with mylenated axons
white matter
W = M (White = Myelin)
ex: corpus callosum and corona radiata
CNS with neuronal cell bodies
gray matter
ex: outer layers of cerebral cortex
bundle of axons within the cns
Fiber Tract
ex: corpus callosum and fornix
bundle of axons outside the CNS
Nerve
ex: vagus nerve
network of nerves outside the cns
plexus
ex: brachial plexus
neuronal cell body clusters within CNS
nucleus
ex: caudate nucleus and putamen
neuronal cell body clusters outside CNS
Ganglion
ex: dorsal root ganglion
site of primary motor cortex, planning and execution of movement
precentral gyrus
(think: motor, movement, plan is to be ahead of the line)
site of primary somatosensory cortex, touch
postcentral gyrus
(think: touch is behind the line, and somatosensory)
sulcus seperating the occipital lobes from the parietal lobes
parieto-occipital sulcus
Plan
initiate
enact movement
- eyemovement
- speech
- reasoning
- consequences
frontal lobe
sensory stimuli processing
- comprehension of speech
- spatial awarness
parietal lobe
(think: someone doesn’t know what to say and they’re clumsy they touch the side of their head)
encoding long term memory
language recognition
and cognition
facial recognition
temporal lobe
Think:
you remember (MEMORY) meeting a new person (FACIAL RECOGNITION) and they spoke Spanish (language)
primary visual cortex
occipital lobe
commissural fibers between cerebral hemispheres
corpus callosum
(fiber tract)
commissural fibers between temporal lobes
anterior commissure
(fiber tract)
commissural efferent fibers from the hippocamus
fornix
(fiber tract)
projection fibers including corticospinal fibers from cortex to motor neurons
internal capsule
(fiber tract)
association fibers within the cerebral cortex
external capsule
(fiber tract)
capillaries and modified ependymal cells within ventricles that produce CSF
choroid plexus
interconnected subcortical nuclei
- action selection
- decision making
main parts only
basal ganglia
reward
motivation
inhibitory control
impulsivity
striatum
(part of basal ganglia)
integration of spatial awareness and motor behavior
spatial working memory
caudate nucleus
(part of striatum, which is part of basal ganglia)
planning
learning
executing motor skills
setting mvmt amplitudes and planning sequences
putamen
(looks like pizza crust)
(part of basal ganglia)
motor control
motor planning
reward-seeking
addition
anatomically part of mid brain
substantia nigra
(cheez of pizza)
(part of basal ganglia) `
action selection
impulsivity
anatomically part of diencephalon
subthalamic nuclei
structures of basal ganglia
striatium
caudate nucleus
lentiform nucleus
putamen
globus pallidus
substantia nigra
subthalamic nuclei
subconscious movement
balancing excitatory output from cerebellum to smooth movement
globus pallidus
Limbic system structures
hippocampus
amygdala
cingulate gyrus
mamillary bodies
hypothalamic nuclei
deals with emotion
motivation
behavior
memory
olfaction
exact composition is controversial
limbic system
consolidating short term memory to long term memory
hippocampus
(think: remember a short hippo for a long time)
emotional responses
memory processing
decision making
amygdala
(think: amy being emotional, making desiions and memories)
emotion processing
linking outcomes to behavior
cingulate gyrus
(think 1 SINGLE CINna processing everything and understanding the outcomes of his behavior)
regulation of endocrine system
- metabolism
- reproduction
- stress
hypothalamic nuclei
(think: sex, metabolism, stress and endocrine– are all HYPed)
(limbic system)
(part of hypothalamus)
visual afferents from retina
optic nerves
sorting of left/right visual info
optic chiasm
projecting visual info to visual centers
optic tract
hormonal control of growth
- BP
- Energy
- reproductive function
- stress
- salt balance
pituitary gland
(hypothalamus)
circadian rhythm
melatonin production
pineal gland
(think: pine trees put me to sleep)
(part of epithalamus)
mediates bilateral pupillary
posterior commissure
(part of epithalamus)
parts of brain stem (3)
midbrain
pons
medulla oblongata
everything ventral to cerebral aqueduct
cerebral peduncles
(midbrain)
descending motor fibers
crus cerebri
(midbrain)
everything dorsal to cerebral aqueduct
tectum
(midbrain)
spatially directed movements
ex: eye and head movements
superior colliculus
(midbrain)
sound processing
startle response
spatial localization of sound
inferior colliculus
(midbrain)
respiration
sleep
hearing
equilibrium
taste
chewing
swallowing
involuntary mvmt
facial expressions
pons
fibers connecting cerebellum to pons
middle cerebellar peduncles
autonomic regulation of breathing
heart rate
bp
medulla oblongata
decussation (crossing over) pyramidal neurns from motor cortex
pyramids
(medulla oblongata)
sound localization
assist cerebellum with motor learning
olive
(medulla oblongata)
