Central Nervous System Flashcards
in the brain, where is the grey matter and where is the white matter?
grey matter is on the outside and white matter is on the inside
what are the two functions of astrocytes?
- repair (glial scar)
- support and important component of the BBB
what is the function of oligodendroglia?
myelinating cells within the CNS
what is the function of microglial cells?
phagocytic cells of the CNS
how do neuronal cell bodies respond to degeneration within axons?
chromatolysis
what do injured axons undergo?
Wallerian degernation
what are the 2 astrocytes that he wanted us to know for the exam?
gemistocytic astrocytes and Alzheimer’s type II astrocytes
what are the two types of demyelination?
- primary - due to loss of oligodendrocytes
- secondary - due to loss of axons (most common)
what type of brain edema is the most common and is due ti extracellular fluid accumulation? what is the underlying mechanism?
vasogenic edema
underlying mechanism is a breakdown of the BBB
what type of brain edema is due to the accumulation of intracellular fluid in the neurons, astrocytes, oligodendroglia, and endothelial cells?
cytotoxic edema
what type of brain edema is elevated ventricular hydrostatic pressure?
hydrostatic edema
when does hypo-osmotic edema occur?
after the over-consumption of water (water intoxication)
what is it called when the brain has no gyri?
Lissencephaly
what in-utero viruses an cause cerebellar hypoplasia in calves, kittens, puppies, and piglets?
calves - pestivirus (BVD)
kittens - panleukopenia virus
puppies - canine parvovirus
piglets - classic swine fever virus
what are the two types of hydrocephalus? which is the most common?
communicating (more common) and non-communicating (due to obstruction)
what it is called when there is an abnormal dilation of the central canal of the spinal cord that leads to the formation of a cavity in which CSF may accumulate?
hydromyelia