Central nervous system

Question 1

light receptors

Answer 1

photoreceptor(eyes -rods light, cones- colour)

Question 2

smell/taste receptors

Answer 2

chemoreceptors (nose and tongue)

Question 3

pressure receptors

Answer 3

baro receptors

Question 4

heat receptors

Answer 4

thermoreceptors (skin)

Question 5

touch receptors

Answer 5

mechano receptors

Question 6

sound receptor

Answer 6

auditory receptors/ cochlea

Question 7

balance receptors

Answer 7

semi circular canals

Question 8

how does the CNS work

Answer 8

stimulus→receptor→co ordinator(brain or CNS) → effector →response

Question 9

Sensory neuron parts

Answer 9

• dendrites detect stimuli
  dendron is the long bit from dendrites to cell body
• cell body sticking out (has nucleus mitochondria ect..)
• myelin sheath- insulates electrical impulses
• gaps are called nodes of ranvier- make signal travel faster
• shwan cells form the myelin sheath
• axon is cell body to axon terminals
• axon terminals send signals to CNS

Question 10

Motor neuron difference

Answer 10

Dendrites- collects signals (cell body here)
Axons- connect to more muscles ( so many contract at once)

Question 11

peripheral nervous system

Answer 11

sensory and motor neurons

Question 12

Central nervous system

Answer 12

brain and spinal chord

Question 13

Evolutionary traits of neurons

Answer 13

• long fibre(up to 1m) so carry messages over a larger distance quicker
• myelin sheath keeps insulated
• relay neurons allow the brain to override the CNS

Question 14

what is a synapse

Answer 14

the gap between 2 neurons

Question 15

how do they transmit signals

Answer 15

vesicles containing neurotransmitters burst allowing them to diffuse across the synaptic cavity to receptors on the post- synaptic terminal (diffusion is why its slow-takes about 0.5m/s)

Question 16

cerebrum

Answer 16

controls voluntary muscle movement largest part of the brain The cerebrum (the outer layer is called the cerebral cortex), which is split into two hemispheres and is highly folded. It controls intelligence, personality, conscious thought and high-level functions, such as language and verbal memory.

Question 17

cerebellum

Answer 17

2nd largest part coordinates precision and accurate timing from cues from sensory system and spinal chord
damage could cause:
- issues with movement and balance
- changed posture
- difficulty with motor learning

Question 18

medulla oblongata

Answer 18

unconscious activity:
- breathing
- heartbeat
- vomiting
- blood pressure

Question 19

Hypothalamus

Answer 19

controls 4 fs:
- fleeing
- feeding
- fighting
- fornicating

Question 20

MRI

Answer 20

strong magnetic fields to create detailed images and can safely detect cancer cells, blood clots, and anormal blood flow
unfortunately it’s expensive and cant detect between malignant and benin tumors

Question 21

CT

Answer 21

x-rays to diagnose and monitor tumors and other issues such as clots and can help guide further treatment
cons
- may be allergic to dye
- expensive
- ionising radiation

Question 22

EEG

Answer 22

detect electrical signals in the brain to find nerve damage for relatively cheaper
can’t detect other damage and needs a specialist

Question 23

near objects

Answer 23

suspensory ligaments relax and ciliary muscles contract

Question 24

myopia

Answer 24

(short sightedness) caused by lens being too strong of eyball being too long, suspensory ligaments too lose

Question 25

hyperopia

Answer 25

(long sightedness) lens too weak, eyeball to short,cilliary muscles no longer contracting