central nervous system Flashcards

1
Q

grey matter of the CNS contains: (2)

A
  • neuron cell bodies
  • dendrites
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2
Q

white matter contains: (1)

A
  • axon tracts
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3
Q

white matter is located

A

deeper within the brain, underlying the cortex

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4
Q

what are the three layers of the spinal cord and brain (innermost to outermost)

A

Pia mater -> arachnoid mater -> dura mater -> spinal cord or skull

(PADS)

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5
Q

what is the outer cavity of the brain called?

A

superior sagittal sinus (SSS)

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6
Q

What is the inner cavity of the brain called?

A

Subarachnoid space (SAS)

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7
Q

what is the purpose of the cerebrospinal fluid in the cavities of the brain and spinal cord?

A

protection

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8
Q

Where does the spinal cord span from?

A

brain stem -> pelvic region

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9
Q

lower motor damage reflex will be _____ with damage

A

diminished

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10
Q

upper motor neuron damage will be _____ with damage

A

exaggerated

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11
Q

what is the function of the parietal lobe?

A
  • perception of somatesthetic sensation (cutaneous, muscle, tendon and joint receptors)
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12
Q

What is the function of the temporal lobe?

A

interpretation and association of auditory and visual information

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13
Q

what is the function of the occipital lobe?

A

vision and co-ordination of eye movements

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14
Q

what is the function of the frontal lobe?

A

motor control

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15
Q

Where is the insula?

A

between the frontal and temporal lobes

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16
Q

what is the function of the insula?

A
  • encoding memory
  • integration of sensory information
  • receives olfactory, gustatory, auditory and somatosensory (pain) information
17
Q

How do the two hemispheres of the brain communicate with eachother?

A

via the corpus callosum

18
Q

what happens if there is damage to the right side of the brain?

A

difficulty with spatial concepts, ie: maps

19
Q

What happens if there is damage to the left side of the brain?

A

speech problems

20
Q

What is the cerebral cortex?

A

sheet of grey matter tissue that covers the cerebrum and cerebellum

21
Q

what is the cerebral cortex important for?

A

emotion and memory

22
Q

what is the function of the thalamus?

A
  • relay centre for sensory info (excluding smell)
  • promotes alertness
  • causes arousal from sleep in response to strong sensory stimulas
23
Q

what is the function of the epithalamus?

A

pineal gland secretes melatonin (regulate circadian rhythms)

24
Q

what is the function of the hypothalamus

A
  • hunger, thirst, regulation of body temp.
  • hormone secretion from the pituitary gland
  • regulation of sleep and wake
25
Q

what are the two systems of dopaminergic neurons in the midbrain?

A
  • nigrostriatal
  • mesolimbic
26
Q

what is the function of the nigrostriatal dopamine system?

A

motor control

27
Q

what is the function of the mesolimbic dopamine system

A

emotional reward

28
Q

what is the function of the cerebellum?

A
  • monitoring and refining of motor activity initiated elsewhere
  • coordination of movement
29
Q

what is the function of the medulla?

A
  • ascending and descending fiber tracts providing communication between spinal cord and brain passes through the medulla
  • required for regulation of breathing, CV responses
30
Q

How many spinal nerves are there?

A

31

31
Q

what creates the cerebrospinal fluid?

A

choroid plexus

32
Q

what are the four lobes of the brain

A
  1. parietal
  2. temporal
  3. occipital
  4. frontal
33
Q

what does the amygdala do?

A

strengthening of emotional memories

34
Q

which two parts of the brain are receptors for stress hormones?

A
  • hippocampus
  • amygdala
35
Q
A