Central Nervous System Flashcards
1
Q
What protects the brain?
A
Cranial meninges
2
Q
What is included in the brainstem?
A
Medulla, pons, midbrain
3
Q
_ allows shock absorption and circulation of nutrients.
A
Cerebrospinal fluid
4
Q
_ allows coordination of muscular movements and balance.
A
Cerebellum
5
Q
_ allows muscular movements, emotions, and intelligence.
A
Cerebrum
6
Q
_ controls temperature and pain recognition, homeostasis, thirst center, and sleep patterns.
A
Diencephalon
7
Q
_ allow consciousness, heartbeat, breathing, visual and auditory responses.
A
Brainstem
8
Q
How much does the brain weigh?
A
3 lbs
9
Q
Largest and most complex mass of nervous tissue in the body.
A
Brain
10
Q
Organizing and processing center of the nervous system.
A
Brain
11
Q
What are the four main part of the brain?
A
Cerebrum/cerebral hemisphere, diencephalon, brainstem, cerebellum
12
Q
Part of the brain responsible for intellectual process and emotions.
A
Cerebrum
13
Q
Part of the brain responsible for homeostasis.
A
Diencephalon
14
Q
Part of the brain responsible for breathing, heartrate, reaction to visual and auditory stimulation.
A
Brainstem
15
Q
Part of the brain responsible for body posture and balance.
A
Cerebellum
16
Q
Most superior of the brain.
A
Cerebrum
17
Q
Makes up the bulk of the brain which is described to be larger than the 3 brain regions combined.
A
Cerebrum
18
Q
Have nerve centers for sensory & motor activities.
A
Cerebrum
19
Q
What composes the surface area of the cerebrum?
A
Gray matter referred to as cerebral cortex
20
Q
Controls speech, memory, logical & emotional responses as well as consciousness, interpretation of sensation & voluntary movement.
A
Cerebral cortex
21
Q
3 basic regions of cerebrum
A
Cortex, internal white matter, and basal nuclei
22
Q
Largest portion of the brain.
A
Cerebrum
23
Q
2 divisions of the cerebrum
A
Right hemisphere and left hemisphere
24
Q
The right and left hemisphere is separated by a?
A
Longitudinal fissure
25
4 lobes of the cerebrum
Frontal, parietal, occipital, and temporal
26
Part of the cerebrum that controls the right side of the body.
Left hemisphere
27
Hemisphere responsible for math, analytic, and speech.
Left
28
Hemisphere that controls the left side of the body.
Right
29
Hemisphere responsible for music, art, and abstract ideas
Right
30
Connection between 2 hemispheres.
Corpus callosum
31
Elevated ridges/convolutions on the surface of each hemisphere.
Gyrus/gyri
32
Grooves that separate each gyri.
Sulcus/sulci
33
Deep grooves
Fissure
34
Deep bridge of nerve fibers that connects the 2 cerebral hemisphere.
Corpus callosum
35
Alternate name for the central sulcus.
Sulcus of Rolando
36
Forms the boundary between the frontal and the parietal lobes on the lateral and medial surfaces of the cerebral hemispheres.
Central sulcus
37
A deep fissure that is first identified on the inferior surface of the brain close to the anterior perforated substance but becomes most visible on the lateral surface.
Lateral sulcus
38
Separates the frontal and parietal lobes from the temporal lobe.
Lateral sulcus
39
Primary motor area
Frontal lobe
40
Forms anterior portion of each hemisphere.
Frontal lobe
41
Controls voluntary muscular functions (allows us to consciously move our skeletal muscles).
Frontal lobe
42
Controls mood, aggression, reasoning, thought & motivation
Frontal lobe
43
Major voluntary motor tract
Corticospinal/pyramidal tract
44
Most of the neurons in the primary motor area control body areas having fast motor control, including?
Face, mouth, and hands
45
Aside from neurons that control body areas having fast motor control, what other cells are present in the frontal lobe?
Large pyramidal-shaped cells
46
Impulses cross over from one side of the brain to the other at the _ to stimulate the opposite side of the body.
Corticospinal tract
47
Primary somatic sensory area
Parietal lobe
48
Located behind the frontal lobe, separated by central sulcus.
Parietal lobe
49
Control center for evaluating sensory information of touch, pain, balance, taste and temperature (coldness).
Parietal lobe
50
Impulse travelling from body’s sensory receptors (except for special senses) are localized & interpreted in this area.
Parietal lobe
51
Body regions with most sensory receptors.
Lips and fingertips
52
Lobe that is considered as the auditory area.
Temporal lobe
53
Located beneath the frontal & parietal lobes separated by lateral fissure.
Temporal lobe
54
Evaluates hearing input & smell as well as being involved with memory processes.
Temporal lobe
55
In what aspects is the temporal lobe involved?
Hearing, smell, and memory processes
56
Parietal lobe is the control center for evaluating sensory information of? (5)
Touch, pain, balance, taste and temperature (coldness)
57
The frontal lobe also controls? (5)
Mood, aggression, reasoning, thought, and motivation
58
Important center for abstract thoughts and judgement.
Temporal lobe
59
_ is found deep inside the temporal lobe.
Olfactory area
60
Lobe considered as the visual area.
Occipital lobe
61
Forms back portion of each hemisphere.
Occipital lobe
62
What is the 5th lobe, deeply embedded in the lateral sulcus?
Insula
63
Where is the insula embedded?
Lateral sulcus
64
Covered by portions of the frontal, parietal & temporal lobes.
Insula
65
Located in the left cerebral hemisphere (frontal lobe).
Broca’s area
66
Motor speech area
Broca’s area
67
Specialized cortical area involved in our ability to speak.
Broca’s area
68
Where is the broca’s area located?
Left cerebral hemisphere (frontal lobe)
69
Found at the base of pre-central gyrus.
Broca’s area
70
Damage to the broca’s area causes?
Expressive aphasia (inability to communicate)
71
Critical language area
Wernicke’s area
72
Where is the wernicke’s area located?
Left cerebral hemisphere (temporal lobe)
73
Involved with language comprehension.
Wernicke’s area
74
Damage to the wernicke’s area causes?
Receptive, sensory, and fluent aphasia
75
Patient is still able to speak but lacks meaning; damaged patient is unable to vocalize words.
Wernicke’s area; broca’s area
76
Composed of fiber tracts carrying impulses to, from or within the cortex.
Cerebral white matter
77
A very large fiber tract that connects the cerebral hemisphere (commisures), allows cerebral hemispheres to communicate with one another.
Corpus callosum
78
Islands of gray matter buried deep within white matter of cerebral hemisphere.
Basal nuclei
79
Helps regulate voluntary motor activities.
Basal nuclei
80
Problems related to basal nuclei.
Huntington’s disease/ huntington’s chorea & parkinson’s disease
81
Inability to walk normally or carry other voluntary movements.
Huntington’s disease
82
A language disorder that makes it hard for you to read, write, and say what you mean to say.
Aphasia
83
Located between the brainstem and cerebrum.
Diencephalon
84
Where is the diencephalon located?
Between the brainstem and cerebrum
85
Surrounds the 3rd ventricle & is organized into masses of gray matter called nuclei.
Diencephalon
86
What does the diencephalon surrounds?
Third ventricle
87
3 main structures of diencephalon
Thalamus, hypothalamus, and epithalamus
88
The diencephalon also contains? (5)
Optic tract, optic chiasm, infundibulum, mamillary bodies, and pineal gland/body
89
Attaches the hypothalamus to the pituitary gland.
Infundibulum
90
Involved in memory and emotional responses to odor.
Mamillary bodies
91
Part of the epithalamus, pine-cone shaped endocrine gland that secretes melatonin affecting our moods and behavior.
Pineal gland
92
What does the pineal gland secrete?
Melatonin
93
Largest and superior portion of diencephalon.
Thalamus
94
Encloses shallow third ventricle of the brain.
Thalamus
95
Relay station for sensory impulses.
Thalamus
96
Interpretation center for conscious recognition of what is pleasant & unpleasant.
Thalamus
97
Neuron of sensory cortex that localizes and interpret sensation.
Pain, pressure, and touch
98
Touch receptor
Meissner
99
Pressure receptor
Pacinian
100
The inferior part (under the thalamus) of the diencephalon.
Hypothalamus
101
Sends impulses to and receive them from the cerebrum & thalamus.
Hypothalamus
102
Intermediary between NS & ES as it send out signals that control the pituitary gland.
Hypothalamus
103
_ of hypothalamus produce _.
Nerve cells, hormones
104
Plays a role in the regulation of body temperature, water balance,& metabolism
Hypothalamus
105
Controls and integrates ANS.
Hypothalamus
106
Center of mind-over matter phenomena.
Hypothalamus
107
Center for many drives & emotions as it is an important part of the LIMBIC system or Emotional-Visceral Brain.
Hypothalamus
108
The hypothalamus is an important part of the?
Limbic system/emotional-visceral brain
109
Hangs from the anterior floor of the hypothalamus.
Pituitary gland
110
Bulge from the floor of hypothalamus posterior to pituitary gland.
Mamillary bodies
111
Controls homeostasis, body temperature, water balance, hunger, fear, rage, sexual emotions, regulates our food intake (metabolism).
Hypothalamus
112
Forms the roof of the 3rd ventricle.
Epithalamus
113
2 important parts of the epithalamus
Pineal body and choroid plexus
114
Knots of capillaries within each ventricle, forms the CSF.
Choroid plexus
115
How long is the brainstem?
3 inches (7.5cm) long
116
Connects the brain to the spinal cord.
Brainstem
117
Very delicate area of the brain, damage to even small areas could result in death.
Brainstem
118
Associated with cranial nerves and control vital activities such as breathing & BP.
Brainstem
119
Provides a pathway for ascending and descending tracts.
Brainstem
120
The brainstem has many?
Small gray matter areas
121
What does the nuclei in the brainstem produce?
Rigidly programmed autonomic behaviors necessary for survival
122
Smallest part of the brainstem.
Midbrain
123
Other name for midbrain.
Mesencephalon
124
Extends from the mamillary body to the pons inferiorly.
Midbrain
125
Contains dorsal tectum.
Midbrain
126
A reflex center that controls movement of eyeballs & head in response to visual stimuli.
Dorsal tectum
127
Also controls movement of the head & trunk in response to auditory stimulus.
Midbrain
128
3 structures of the midbrain
Cerebral aqueduct, penducles, and corpora quadrigemina
129
Tiny canal that travels through the midbrain and connects the 3rd ventricle of diencephalon to the 4th ventricle.
Cerebral aqueduct
130
Bulging fiber tracts which convey ascending & descending impulses from the cerebral cortex to pons & the spinal cord.
Cerebral penducles
131
Four rounded protrusions, reflex centers involved with vision & hearing.
Corpora quadrigemina
132
Means bridge
Pons
133
Rounded structure that protrudes just below the midbrain.
Pons
134
Mostly fiber tracts that relay impulses from the medulla oblongata to cerebrum & back to medulla
Pons
135
What areas does pons have? (2)
Pneumotaxic and apneustic
136
What does the pneumotaxic and apneustic area help control?
Breathing
137
Most inferior part of the brain stem continuous to the spinal cord.
Medulla oblongata
138
Contains all ascending & descending tracts that connect the spinal cord & parts of the brain.
Medulla oblongata
139
Crossing of tracts
Decussation of pyramids
140
Contains many nuclei that regulate vital visceral activities.
Medulla oblongata
141
Explains why motor areas of one side of the cortex of the cerebrum control skeletal muscle movements in opposite side of the body.
Decussation of pyramids
142
Lies posterior to the pons and medulla & anterior to the cerebellum.
4th ventricle
