Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

A&P Exam 5 > Central Nervous System > Flashcards

Central Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

This very complex system spans across several different anatomical regions and
physiologically influences almost every _____ throughout the body

A

tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

The surface layer of the cerebral cortex forms ridges called ____, which are separated by folds or grooves called ____

A

Gyri; Sulci

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

The _____ sulcus is the border
between the frontal and
parietal lobes

A

Central

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

The _____ sulcus separates the frontal and parietal lobes from the temporal lobe

A

Lateral Sulcus (Sylvian
Fissure)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

The Longitudinal Fissure, sometimes called the ______, is a large division that separates the two hemispheres of the brain

A

Superior Sagittal Sulcus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Three parts of the Brainstem

A
  • The Midbrain (also known as the mesencephalon) is at the junction of the middle and posterior cranial fossae.
    – The Pons is the middle part and sits anterior to the cerebellum.
    – The Medulla Oblongata is the lower part, connects to the spinal cord
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

The _____ are protective coverings that consist of the external fibrous Dura
Mater, the thin intermediate Arachnoid Mater, and the delicate inner Pia Mater.

A

Meninges

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

The cranial meninges are continuous with the _____ of the spinal cord

A

meninges

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Three parts of the meninges

A

Dura Mater
Arachnoid Mater
Pia Mater

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

The Dura Mater has two layers

A
  • The Periosteal Layer is adherent to the internal surface of the cranium.
    – The Meningeal Layer is adherent to the Periosteal Layer, except in a few key places where they separate to form important structures
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

The Periosteal Layer ends at the ____ and is not continuous with the spinal cord dura.

A

Foramen Magnum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

The inner Meningeal Layer of the Dura also provides sheaths for the _____

A

cranial nerves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

The Arachnoid Mater is a thin, ___, fibrous layer underlying the meningeal layer of the Dura

A

avascular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

The _____, which is a thin,
highly vascular layer that tightly adheres
to the surface of the brain and follows its
contours

A

Pia Mater

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

The _____ is a potential space between the cranium and the dura

A

Epidural Space (epidural hematomas happen here)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

The _____ is a potential space
between the dura and the arachnoid.

A

Subdural Space

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

The Arachnoid Mater is a thin, avascular, fibrous layer underlying the meningeal layer of the Dura, being pushed against the Dura by the cerebrospinal fluid found in the ______

A

Subarachnoid Space

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

The _____ is a vertical wall between the right and left cerebral hemispheres, attaching anteriorly at the crista galli and following the Sagittal Suture of the skull.

A

Falx Cerebri

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

The _____ is a small vertical partition between the cerebellar hemispheres

A

Falx Cerebelli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

The _____ is a horizontal continuation of the Falx residing above the cerebellum

A

Tentorium Cerebelli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

The Tentorium separates the_____ from the ____ in the posterior cranial fossa

A

occipital lobes of the cerebrum; cerebellar hemispheres

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What matter is found more deep in the brain and more superficial in the spinal cord

A

White matter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

_____ is the primarily the outer layer of the cerebral cortex and consists of aggregations of neuronal cell bodies

A

Gray Matter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

_____ consists of the neuronal axons that are coated with myelin
sheath

A

White Matter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

The ____ is an important gray
matter cortical structure that contains the cell bodies of upper motorneurons

A

Precentral Gyrus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

The _____ is an important gray matter cortical structure that contains the cell bodies of somatosensory neurons.

A

Postcentral Gyrus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Neurons within the Paracentral Lobule
correspond with motor and sensory
function of the ______

A

lower extremities.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

The Motor Homunculus and Sensory
Homunculus are very similar and are
_____ representations of the
distributions and number of neurons
dedicated to different body parts.

A

topographical

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

The _____ is an important white matter tract within each hemisphere that carries information into an out of the cerebral cortex.

A

Internal Capsule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

The ______ is a strip of cerebral cortex located in the inferomedial cerebral
hemispheres, deep in the longitudinal fissure

A

Cingulate Gyrus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

The Cingulate Cortex is considered part of the Limbic System and plays a role in
_____

A

emotion formation, emotional processing,
memory, learning, and autonomic responses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

The _____ is a thick band of myelinated axons that connect the right and left cerebral hemispheres.

A

Corpus Callosum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

There are four main parts to the corpus callosum: _____

A

Rostrum, Genu, Body, and Splenium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

The ______ is another thick band of axons that is a major outflow tract of the hippocampus and is part of the limbic system

A

Fornix

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

The inferomedial gyrus of the temporal lobes is called the ______ and is a cortical region that surrounds and houses the Hippocampus

A

Parahippocampal Gyrus

36
Q

Part of the Limbic System, this structure is vitally important for memory encoding and
retrieval.

A

Parahippocampal Gyrus

37
Q

The anteromedial tip of the Parahippocampal Gyrus is called the ____

A

Uncus (Uncal herniation happens here)

38
Q

The only Temporal Lobe gyri that run in a medial-lateral direction

A

Transverse Temporal Gyri

39
Q

The _____ is a portion of the Parietal Lobe in the anterolateral area, near to the Temporal Lobe

A

Angular Gyrus

40
Q

The angular gyrus makes meaning out of
visually perceived words by working with ____

A

Wernicke’s area (the speech reception
center of the brain)

41
Q

The Inferior Frontal Gyri have multiple important functions, including the _____ (in Broca’s Area).

A

processing/production of speech and language

42
Q

Broca’s Area and Wernicke’s Area are connected with a white matter tract known as the _____.

A

Arcuate Fasciculus

43
Q

The _____ are a group of strongly interconnected deep gray matter structures that play a large role in _____

A

Basal Ganglia; initiation of smooth voluntary movements and control of postural adjustments associated with voluntary movements

44
Q

The ____ is a comma-shaped region
of deep gray matter that runs along the lateral wall of the lateral ventricle

A

Caudate Nucleus

45
Q

The ____ is the most lateral deep gray
matter in the Lentiform Nucleus

A

Putamen

46
Q

The _____ is located between the
Putamen and the Internal Capsule, and has
lateral and medial segments.

A

Globus Pallidus

47
Q

The _____ is the largest nuclear mass of the midbrain, composed of neuronal cells that contain melanin, resulting in a darker color of the nucleus.

A

Substantia Nigra

48
Q

The ____ reside on the inferior surface of the hypothalamus

A

Mammillary Bodies

49
Q

Two parts of the Diencephalon

A

Thalamus
Hypothalamus

50
Q

The ____ is a collection of small
nuclei that have various metabolic
functions, including endocrine

A

Hypothalamus

51
Q

Superior Colliculi of the quadrigeminal plate/tectum & their function

A

Use visual input to help direct tracking objects in the visual fields, participating in a number of rapid visual reflexes with nearby cranial nerves to the eye

52
Q

Inferior colliculi of the quadrigeminal plate/tectum

A

act as a primary auditory relay center
for the brain. Appears to channel almost
all auditory signals and plays a role in frequency recognition, pitch discrimination, and the startle response to large, sudden sounds

53
Q

The brain and spinal cord are suspended in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), which is produced
by the _____, vascular complexes in the Ventricular System

A

Choroid Plexus

54
Q

_____ are separated by a thin Septum Pellucidum

A

The two Lateral Ventricles

55
Q

The Third Ventricle resides between the thalami and hypothalami, then drains via
the _____, that passes through the midbrain

A

Cerebral Aqueduct

56
Q

The _____ collects the CSF from the Cerebral Aqueduct and resides between the Pons and the Cerebellum.

A

Fourth Ventricle

57
Q

CSF drains from the Fourth Ventricle via
two _____ and one _____

A

Lateral Apertures (of Luschka); Median Aperture (of Magendie)

58
Q

When CSF leaves the ventricles via the Median and Lateral Apertures, it enters the _____ and _____

A

subarachnoid space; subarachnoid cisterns

59
Q

The Internal Carotids supply the ____ cerebral circulation, while the Vertebrals supply the _____ cerebral circulation

A

anterior; posterior

60
Q

There is a highly important anastomosis in the brain called the Cerebral Arterial Circle, or the ______

A

Circle of Willis

61
Q

The Circle of Willis is a common place for _____ to form

A

Berry Aneurysms (Cerebral aneurysms)

62
Q

The Vertebral Arteries enter the skull through the Foramen Magnum and give off an early branch called the ______,

A

Posterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery

63
Q

The Basilar artery produces these 3 arteries: _____

A

Anterior Inferior Cerebellar Arteries, the Pontine Arteries, and the Superior Cerebellar Arteries

64
Q

The Basilar Artery terminates
by bifurcating into the two
_____

A

Posterior Cerebral Arteries

65
Q

The cerebral part of the Internal Carotids terminate by bifurcating into the smaller
_____ and the larger _____

A

Anterior Cerebral Arteries; Middle Cerebral Arteries

66
Q

What arteries complete the circle of willis?

A

Posterior Communicating Arteries
connect the anterior and posterior cerebral circulations by connecting the Posterior
Cerebral Arteries to the Internal Carotids, thereby completing the “Circle.

67
Q

MCA strokes often cause contralateral
hemiparesis worse in the _____, dysarthria, and aphasia

A

arm and face,

68
Q

ACA strokes cause contralateral hemiparesis worse in ____ and confusion.

A

the leg

69
Q

____ strokes often cause visual deficits,
confusion, and memory loss

A

PCA

70
Q

Most of the large veins of the brain,
skull, orbit, and inner ear drain through
______ that are created by the separation of the periosteal and meningeal layers of the dura

A

Dural Venous Sinuses

71
Q

The Superior Sagittal Sinus and Straight Sinus meet at the _____ near the occipital pole

A

Confluence of the Sinuses

72
Q

As the sinuses exit the jugular foramen, they become the ______

A

Internal Jugular Veins

73
Q

_____ drain the lateral hemispheres and
empty into the cavernous sinuses.

A

Middle Cerebral Veins

74
Q

____ drain the diencephalon and other deep structures

A

Internal Cerebral Veins

75
Q

The Great Cerebral Vein merges with the Inferior Sagittal Sinus to form the
____

A

Straight Sinus

76
Q

Cerebrospinal Fluid also drains through this system of ______

A

Dural Venous Sinuses

77
Q

The spinal cord descends within the vertebral canal and terminates at the
____ adjacent to the ____vertebra

A

Conus Medullaris; L1

78
Q

The Cervical Enlargement at ____ is related to the Brachial Plexus, which innervates the upper extremities

A

C4-T1

79
Q

The Lumbosacral Enlargement at ____ is related to the Lumbosacral Plexus, which innervates the lower extremities.

A

T11-S1

80
Q

A thin cord of Pia Mater called the _____ extends off the Conus Medullaris and attaches at the distal spine, tethering the cord down

A

Filum Terminale

81
Q

The spinal cord consists of ___ Spinal Segments, each of which corresponds with a Spinal Nerve bilaterally and innervates a specific area of the trunk or limbs

A

31

82
Q

The _____ is a transverse white matter tract that relates to transmission of pain sensation

A

Anterior White Commissure

83
Q

The Posterior Horn of the Gray Matter of the spinal cord contains cell bodies related to _____.

A

sensation

84
Q

The _____ of the spinal cord contains the cell bodies of the lower motor neurons

A

Anterior Horn

85
Q

The ____ is present from about T1 to L1 spinal segments and contains the cell bodies of Preganglionic Sympathetic Neurons.

A

Intermediolateral Horn

86
Q

____ are very small and delicate extensions of Pia Mater that come off the spinal cord and attach laterally to the inside of the Dura, providing lateral support

A

Denticulate Ligaments

87
Q

What encases the proximal area of the spinal nerve roots?

A

Dura of the spinal column

A&P Exam 5 (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions