Central Nervous System

Question 1

What composes the CNS?

Answer 1

Brain and spinal cord

Question 2

What are the general functions of the CNS?

Answer 2

Conscious and reflexive motor and sensory

Question 3

Steps of Embryonic Development

Answer 3

1. Neural tube
2. Primary brain vesicles
3. Secondary brain vesicles
4. Adult brain structures
5. Adult neural canal regions

Question 4

Primary brain vesicles

Answer 4

1. Prosencephalon
2. Mesencephalon
3. Rhombencephalon

Question 5

Secondary brain vesicles

Answer 5

1. Telencephalon
2. Diencephalon
3. Mesencephalon
4. Metencephalon
5. Myelencephalon

Question 6

Adult brain structures

Answer 6

1. Cerebrum
2. Diencephalon
3. Brain stem: midbrain
4. Brain stem: pons
5. Cerebellum
6. Brain stem: medulla oblongata
7. Spinal cord

Question 7

Adult neural canal regions

Answer 7

1. Lateral ventricles
2. Third ventricle
3. Cerebral aqueduct
4. Fourth ventricle
5. Central canal

Question 8

What are the major features of the brain?

Answer 8

1. Cerebrum
2. Cerebellum
3. Brainstem (midbrain, pons & medulla oblongata)
4. Diencephalon

Question 9

Cerebrum (telencephalon)

Answer 9

Function: speech, language, thought, emotion, interprets visual and spatial info
Lobes: frontal, parietals, occipital, temporals
-Corpus callosum: thick nerve tract that connects two cerebral hemispheres

Question 10

Cerebellum

Answer 10

Function: coordinates muscle movement and controls balance

Question 11

Brainstem (midbrain, pons & medulla oblongata)

Answer 11

Function: reflexes and crucial, basic life functions (HR, breathing, BP)

Question 12

Diencephalon (thalamus, hypothalamus)

Answer 12

Function: relay info to appropriate brain centers for processing, control pituitary hormones

Question 13

What are the cerebral hemisphere features?

Answer 13

1. Fissures
2. Gyro
3. Sulci

Question 14

What are fissures?

Answer 14

-major divisions between lobes and cerebellum
-longitudinal fissure, lateral fissure, and transverse fissure
-cortex projects into longitudinal fissure

Question 15

What are gyri?

Answer 15

Convolutions on surface of brain

Question 16

What are sulci?

Answer 16

Grooves between gyri

Question 17

What are the frontal lobe functions?

Answer 17

-personality
-analysis
-executive
-voluntary motor
-frontal eye fields (tracking)
-speech (Broca’s area)

Question 18

What are parietal lobe functions?

Answer 18

-somatosensory
-spatial analysis (orientation)
-navigation
-self-image (neglect)
-written to spoken word

Question 19

What are the occipital lobe functions?

Answer 19

-visual cortices (primary, secondary, tertiary)
-optical seizures (flashes)

Question 20

What are the temporal lobe functions?

Answer 20

-new memories (hippocampus and amygdala)
-auditory cortex
-emotional response
-language comprehension (Wernicke’s area)
-seizures (Focal)

Question 21

What and where are Insula lobes?

Answer 21

-cortex folded deep into lateral fissure (insula > insulation > deep)

Question 22

What are the functions of the Insula lobes?

Answer 22

-consciousness
-self awareness
-homeostasis (autonomic)
-perception
-limbic connections
-social emotions
-morality