Central Italy - Toscana - GuildSomm Flashcards
Sangiovese clone found in:
Vino Nobile di Montepulciano.
Montalcino
Vino Nobile di Montepulciano : Prugnolo Gentile
Montalcino : Brunello
First commercial vintage of Sassicaia
1968
7 areas of Sangiovese production
Chianti Chianti Classico Vino Nobile di Montepulciano Brunello di Montalcino Montecucco Sangiovese Carmignano Morellino di Scansano
Eight subzones of Chianti
Classico Rùfina Montalbano Montespertoli Colli Fiorentini Colli Senesi Colline Pisane Colli Aretini
Two major soil types of Chianti Classico
Glaestro and alberese (soft marl)
or sandstone
cepage of Chianti classico
min 80% sangiovese
white grapes no longer allowed in blend
min alcohol and aging for Chianti Classico (normale, riserva, gran selezione)
Chianti Classico - 12%abv , aged 1 year
Riserva - 12.5% abv, aged 24 mos
Gran Selezione - 30 mos
Original four villages of Chianti Classico
Radda, Gaiole, Castellina, Greve
Current 9 subzones of Chianti Classico production
Firenze:
Greve in Chianti, Barberino Val di Pesa, San Casciano Val di Pesa, Tavernelle Val di PesaSiena:
Radda in Chianti, Gaiole in Chianti, Castellina in Chianti, Castelnuovo Berardenga, Poggibonsi
Chianti subzones regarded most consistent in quality
Classico & Rùfina
Process of “Governo”
refermentation with the juice of dried grapes to strengthen the wine and initiate malolactic fermentation
Labelling of wine undergoing Governo process in Chianti
“Governo all’uso Toscano”
most quality minded producers avoid this
Chianti aging and Chianti subzones requiring additonal aging
Chianti normale: 1 year following harvest.
Subzones Rùfina, Montespertoli, and Colli Fiorentini require additional aging.
Chianti riserva: 2 years
what did Grand Duki Cosimo Ill de’Medici do in 1716?
delimited the original Chianti zone, now known as Chianti Classico.
Who is credited with inventing the Brunello style?
Clemente Santi of Teunta Greppo’s Biondi-Santi. First to isolate Brunello clone and bottle it alone in 1865. 1888 released a Brunello Riserva.
Chianti cepage. (exception??)
Chianti Classico Cepage.
Chianti DOCG: 70-100% Sangiovese. Trebbiano Toscano and Malvasia is optional blending partner, not mandatory. Other red grapes may comprise blend, but Cabernet Sauvignon may not exceed 15%.
Colli Senesi subzone must contain a minimum 75% of the grape
Chianti Classico DOCG: min 80% Sangiovese, no white grapes as of 2006
Cepage for Brunello di Montalcino
100% Sangiovese Grosso (brunello)
Aging and release requirements for Brunello
normale: min 2 years in cask, four months in bottle. released Jan 1 the fifth year after harvest.
riserva: min 2 years in cask, six months in bottle. Released Jan 1 the sixth year after harvest.
soil types of Brunello
galestro in higher altitude, clay in south, with fossilized marine deposits throughout.
Name 5 Brunello di Montalcino producers
Col d'Orcia Gaja Castello Banfi Casanova di Neri Mastrojanni Biondi-Santi Talenti Soldera
Rosso di Montalcino DOC regulations
“baby brunello”
100% Sangiovese, same delimited region, aged only 1 year prior to release (cask not required).
“Super Tuscan” doc within Brunello area
Sant’Antimo DOC (created 1996). White or red, any grape authorized in Tuscany.
White wine DOC for Brunello region
Moscadello di Montalcino DOC (moscato bianco). Sweet, still or sparkling.
Main sangiovese clone of Vino Nobile di Montepulciano DOCG
Pugnolo Gentile
cepage of Vino Nobile di Montepulciano
min 70% Prugnolo Gentile, max 30% other tuscan varities, no more than 5% white.
Aging requirements for Vino Nobile di Montepulciano
normale: min 2 years, 1 in cask
riserva: aged at least 3 years, 1 in cask
(less firm than chianti and less tannic than brunello)
Maremma sangiovese DOCG and its cepage
Morellino di Scansano
min 85% Sangiovese.
Riserva aged for 2 years in barrel.
Cepage for Carmignano
min 50% Sangiovese, 10-20% Cabernet Sauvignon and/or Cabernet Franc required.
cepage for new Tuscan DOCG Rosso della Val di Cornia
Min. 40% Sangiovese, Max. 60% combined Merlot and Cabernet Sauvignon, Max. 20% other red grapes (except Aleatico) suitable for cultivation in Toscana
Cepage for new Tuscan DOCG Suvereto
Suvereto Rosso: Cabernet Sauvignon and/or Merlot, plus a max. 15% other red grapes suitable for cultivation in Toscana
Varietal-Labeled Wines (eg. Suvereto Cabernet Sauvigon): Min. 85% of stated variety, plus a max. 15% other red grapes suitable for cultivation in Toscana
First and second “Supertuscans” released.
first: Tenuta San Guido “Sassicaia” 1968
second: Antinori “Tignanello” 1971
Bolgheri DOC regulations
May contain a majority of Cab Sauv, Merot, Sangiovese but no more than 70% of any alone.
Bolgheri Superiore: aged min 2 years (1 barrique) with 12.5min abv.
What is Elba Aleatico Passito DOCG
made on island of Elba 12 miles of coast of Maremma. Sweet red passito wines made from Aleatico grape (red-skinned Muscan Blanc a Petit Gains mutation). ONLY DOCG for dessert wine in Tuscany
White wine DOCG in Tuscany
Vernaccia di San Gimignano
Tuscan Vin Santo characteristics, aging, and cepage
high alcohol sweet appassimento (dried grape) wine produced from Malvasia and Trebbiano (sometimes Grechetto). Grapes are dried from rafters until December 1 at least (region dependent). Slow fermentation and aging in caratelli barrels for a period of 3-8 years. Chestnut wood is traditional.
Fortified Vin Santo is labeled _______.
Rosé Vin Santo is labeled _______.
fortified = liquoroso rosé = "Occio di Pernice" and produced with min 50% sangiovese added to white grapes
7 DOCGs of Tuscany dedicated to Sangiovese
Chianti Chianti Classico Carmignano Morellino di Scansano Brunello di Montalcino Vino Nobile di Montepulciano Montecucco Sangiovese
2 Tuscan DOCGs dedicated to international varieties
Suvereto
Rosso della Val di Cornia
Tuscan DOCGs dedicated to white grapes
Vernaccia di San Gimignano
Tuscan DOCG dedicated to dessert wine
Elba Aleatico Passito
What coast is Italy on?
Tyrrhenian Coast
What is the name of the creator of Sassicaia and Tignanello?
Marquis Mario Rocchetta, who released the first commercial vintage of Sassicaia in 1968, and his nephew Piero Antinori, whose Tignanello bottling soon followed
Tuscany climate as a whole?
dry, maritime-influenced climate, winters can be harsh and summers can be long and hot
Which is further inland, Montepulciano or Montalcino?
Montepulciano
What grape is traditional and was used to soften sangiovese? What is more modern and used to add structure? Name another traditional vs modern blending grape
Cabernet Sauvignon to harden or the local Colorino to soften
-Canaiolo Nero and merlot
What is the Chianti Classico 2000 project
significant energy has been devoted to clonal research. Disease-resistant clones have been developed through such studies, but clones are often selected for additional properties, like the development of thicker skins with a higher proportion of anthocyanins
Two white grapes of Tuscany?
Malvasia and Vernaccia
Who are the only two producers in the Pomino DOC?
Frescobaldi and the highly regarded Fattoria Selvapiana are the only producers in the tiny Pomino DOC
What is the Pomino DOC?
Pomino DOC within Rùfina, an appellation for red and white wines that permits a higher percentage of international grapes than Chianti DOCG, as well as a range of varietal bottlings.
When were chianti and chianti classico approved at DOCG?
1984
