Central Italy Flashcards
What are the (8) key areas of Central Italy?
- Tuscany
a) Chianti
b) Southern Tuscany
c) The Coast - Umbria
- Lazio
- Marche
- Abruzzo
What is the key grape variety in Central Italy?
Sangiovese
Describe Central Italy
South of Po Valley
Dominated by Apennine Mountains
Grapes are planted in hills and valleys of this mountain range
altitude provides moderating influence on hot climate
coastal regions benefit from sea breezes
Apart from Sangiovese, what other grape played a part in Tuscan wines
Malvasia = soften wines for earlier drinking (1800s)
What were the two wines that coined the phrase Super Tuscan and when?
Sassicia 1968
Tiganello 1971
Why were these wines so different and how were they labelled?
Made from Bordeaux varieties and aged in French Oak, released as vino da tavola (lowest classification)
Describe the area of Tuscany region (3)
stretches down the western coast of central Italy, divided into 3 parts: mountainous chianti region in the north, the hills and valleys to the south, and the flat coastal plain.
Describe the climate of Tuscany? hazards?
Warm mediterranean, adequate rainfall. Altitude inland = important cooling influence
Hazards are frost, hail and rain during harvest and summer drought in some years (cessation of photosynthesis
Describe the Sangiovese grape
dominant grape varieties in Tuscany and across central/southern Italy. Accounts for 10% of all vines grown in Italy
early budding (frost)
What wines does Sangiovese produce?
Med intense ruby
red cherry, red plum and herbal notes
med-full-bodied
hi acidity, hi tannins
with bottle ageing can develop meaty and gamey aromas
What is the best soil for Sangiovese?
friable shale and limestone = good drainage
Describe Sangiovese in the vineyard
Vigorous, canopy trimming hi yield needs pruning/cluster thinning/green harvesting
Training: cordon pruned spus, or cane pruned with VSP
Late ripener (autumn rains)
needs warm climate, does best on south-east facing slopes
What did the Chianti Classico Project do in 2000
produced 7 clones, widely planted - aims were smaller berries, thicker skins, more open bunches = deeper colour, more flavour intensity and greater disease resistance
Describe Trebbiano Toscano
White grape
late budding
vigorous and hi yielding
ripens well in sunshine and heat, retains hi acidity
what is Trebbiano Toscano aka in France?
Ugni Blanc
Describe the style of wine Trebbiano Toscano produces?
neutral medium- lemon
declining in popularity due to lack of fruitiness and low flavour intensity, replaced by black varieties
Important for the blend in sweet Vin Santo
Other varieties Sangiovese can be blended with for Tuscan DOCs?
Cab Sav
Cab Franc
Merlot
Syrah
Describe Canaiolo Nero
popular in Chianti before 19th Century
now a blending option
red-berried fruit
Describe winemaking using Sangiovese historically
Historically part of a blend that could include white varieties
Kept on skin for long periods (30 days)
aged in large neutral oak 3-4 yrs
how is Sangiovese made now
No white grapes added (ie, 100% Sangiovese
Maceration 7-10 days for early-drinking wines with med tannins
15-25 days for wines with high tannins intended for ageing.
What changed in the 1990s?
investment helped spur the change
use of temp controlled S/S fermentation tanks to preserve primary fruit
concrete making a comeback
Previous use of new oak, adding vanilla and spice, but now move to older barriques = subtle sour cherry flavour, not oak.
Where is Chianti?
based in foothills of the Apennines between the cities of Pisa, Florence and Siena.
Covers a wide area and divided in 7 sub-zones
Describe Chianti DOCG
Large Area, covering much of central Tuscany
Surrounds Chianti Classico
Can use sub-zones on label
Must be 70-100% Sangiovese
can use Cab Sav, Cab Franc (up to 15%)
min abv 11.5%
Subzones min abv 12%
max yield 64 hL/ha
Describe wines from Chianti DOCG
hi yield = less intensive work in vineyard
short ageing
can be released for sale in March following vintage
S/S or oak = light to med flavour intensity and lower cost.
Med bodied, med alcohol
inexpensive to mid-priced, quality from acceptable to v good.