Central Dogma Flashcards
Molecules that are important in formation and maintenance of the replication fork
- DNA HELICASE
2.SINGLE STRANDED BINDING PROTEINS (SSBP)
3.DNA POLYEMARASE
DNA HELICASE
An enzyme that breaks down the hydrogen bonds that hold the double helix together so that they can unwind.
SINGLE STRANDED BINDING PROTEIN (SSBP)
The unwound parts are kept apart by the SSBP
DNA POLYMERASE
Responsible for the actual synthesis of the new DNA strands during replication, extending the newly forming daughter strands in a 5’ to 3’ direction
3 types of RNA involved in protein synthesis (outlining their roles and briefly describing their function)
-mRNA
-tRNA
-rRNA
mRNA
Disposable copy of genes. Carries protein building information to the other two types of RNAs. The genetic information is encoded int the mRNA in sets of 3 bases (codon). There are 64 codons that make up a genetic code and each of them code for an amino acid.
mRNA
Disposable copy of genes. Carries protein building information to the other two types of RNAs. The genetic information is encoded int the mRNA in sets of 3 bases (codon). There are 64 codons that make up a genetic code and each of them code for an amino acid.
tRNA
Ribosomes and tRNA interact to translate mRNA into a polypeptide. tRNA is responsible for bringing amino acids to the ribosomes during protein synthesis. Each tRNA molecule is specific to a particular amino acid and has an anticodon region that can base pair with complementary codon on the mRNA
rRNA
The rRNA helps catalyze the formation of peptide bonds between amino acids, enabling the assembly of the polypeptide chain
What enzyme is necessary to create a lagging strand but not the leading strand during DNA replication? Explain your answer
DNA primase, it is specifically required for the lagging strand due to its role in initiating the synthesis of okazaki fragments through the formation of RNA primers
