Cell Division Meosis Flashcards
Meosis enables the conversation of specific chromosome number off each species even though the process actually results in reduction of chromosome number? How does reduction in chromosome number occur and how is the conversation f species-specific chromosome number re-instated.
Meosis is called reduction division because the number of cells in the daughter cells becomes half the number of chromosomes in the mother cells. Had there been no meosis organisms would not be able to evolve to sexual mode of reproduction. It is necessary that gametes should have half the number of chromosomes compared to a what is in somatic cells?
In what phase of the cell cycle will cells that rarely divide spendost of their time? What is the purpose of that phase of the cell cycle?
GO phase is a non-dividing resting place. The purpose of the GO phase is to allow cells to carry out their normal functions without continuously progressing the cell cycle. Cells in the GO phase may temporarily or permanently exit the cell cycle such as mature nerve cells and muscle cells once they have differentiated. They can re-enter the cell cycle in response to specific signals or environmental ones.
What are the roles of the centriole in cell division?
Organising microtubules and forming a spindle apparatus for accurate chromosome seperation
You have discovered a mutation that prevents cells from going past the metamophase of mitosis. Which cytoskeletal gene might the mutation be in
A mutation in the tublin gene might likely be the case. Tublin is essential for microtubule formation and spindle information, both critical for proper chromosome alignment in metaphase. Mutations in the tublin can disrupt these processes and lead to the cell’s inability to progress past the metamophase stage
Outline the three different states of pyruvate that is produced by glycolysis
-aerobic respiration
-anaerobic respiration
-gluconeogenisis
Aerobic respiration
In the presence of O2 pyruvate is converted to acetyl- CoA and enters the citric acid cycle to produce ATP
Anaerobic fermentation
In the absence of 02, pyruvate is converted to lactic acid or ethanol, generating ATP in the absence of 02.
Gluconeogenesis
Pyruvate can be used to synthesise glucose and maintain blood glucose levels during fasting low carbohydrates intake
What is the purpose of the electron transfer chain in cellular respiration
It is to generate ATP. During ETC electrons are transferred in a series of protein complexes and this flow of electrons is used to pump protons (H+ ions) across the inner mitochondrial membrane. The resulting protein gradient drives ATP synthesis.
Photosynthetic organisms can be found at different depths in the water. In that scenario, they do not receive the same amount and type of light. How do these organisms adapt to carry out photosynthesis in these different conditions? Give an example to justify your response
They adapt by changing the chlorophyll types and ratios and developing specialized structures such a broad leaves or longs blades to maximize light absorption.
Is the following statement true or false? During the pC4 pathway for fixing CO2 , CO2 from the air combines with ribuckose biphosphate to begin the Calvin cyclem
False, CO2 combines with RuBP to start th Calvin cycle but this is not the first step of the cycle. It occurs in the cycle after the initial carbon fixation.
