Central Dogma Flashcards
Goes have been considered as…
- discrete units of inheritance
- region of specific nucleotide sequence in chromosome
- DNA sequence that codes for a specific polypeptide chain
Gene Expression
The process by which information encoded by DNA directs the synthesis of proteins or RNAs that are not translated into proteins just function as RNAs
DNA to RNA is what?
Transcription
RNA to protein is what?
Translation
How many codons are there?
64
Transcription
synthesis of RNA using DNA template
mRNA
Messenger RNA is type of RNA; synthesized using DNA template, attaches to ribosomes in the cytoplasm and specifies primary structure of protein
Translation
synthesis of polypeptide using the genetic information encoded in an mRNA molecule. Change of language between nucleotides to amino acids
Ribosomes
complex of rRNA and protein molecules that functions as site of protein synthesis in the cytoplasm; In eukaryotic cells, it is synthesized in nucleolus
Primary transcript
initial RNA transcript from any gene; called pre-mRNA
Bacteria vs Eukaryotic cell
Bacteria: transcription produces mRNA that is immediately translated without processing
Eukaryotic: Nucleus provides separate compartment for transcription; primary transcript is processed in different ways before leaving nucleus as mRNA
How many stop and start codons are there?
3 stop; 1 start
Template strand
DNA strand that provides a pattern for ordering by complementary base pairing, the sequence of nucleotides in RNA transcript
Codons
three-nucleotide sequence of DNA or mRNA that specifies a particular amino acid or termination single; basic unit of genetic code
Coding strand
nontemplate strand of DNA, has same sequence as mRNA except it has thymine instead of uracil
